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Elements of Poetry 2013
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Poetry Words are arranged carefully to communicate a message with emotion. Often has a very musical quality. Can tell a story; includes several story elements even if it doesn’t have a plot. For example, poems have a theme, mood, and tone. Poems are written in stanzas.
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The Speaker Instead of a narrator, a poem has a speaker. This is the one involved in the action of the poem or telling the poem.
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Sound Devices of Poetry Poems use specific sound devices in order the create the musical nature of poetry. We will focus on 6
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Alliteration The repetition of beginning consonant sounds. Example: the sun-slappers the self-soilers --Gwendolyn Brooks
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Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds within non- rhyming words. Example: – It’s had tacks in it. -- Langston Hughes
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Consonance The repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words and within words. – Example: Lonely afternoon In order for a line of poetry to create the sound effects produced by assonance, consonance, and alliteration, the words intended to create the sound effect must be near each other!
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Rhyme The occurrence of similar or identical sounds at the ends of two or more words such as suite, heat, and complete. Internal Rhyme – rhyme that occurs within a single line of poetry. End Line Rhyme -- Rhyme that occurs at the ends of lines of poetry. Slant rhyme – rhyme that is not exact or seems a little bit off.
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Rhyme Scheme A pattern of end rhymes in a poem. A rhyme scheme is noted by assigning a letter of the alphabet, beginning with A, to each line. There ain’t no pay beneath the sun As sweet as rest when a job’s well done. I was born to work up my grave But I was not born to be a slave – Maya Angelou
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Meter The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem.
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Onomatopoeia Words that imitate sounds. Buzz, hiss, woof
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Poetry Uses Figurative Language to Create Image in the Reader’s Mind Similes Metaphors Hyperbole Personification – Giving Human qualities to something that is NOT human.
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Forms of Poetry Narrative Poem – Tells a story Haiku – 3 line poem that follows specific rules; Line 1 has 5 syllables, Line2 has 7 syllables, and line 3 has 5 syllables; these poems are about nature, usually. Free Verse – Poems that have no specific format. Concrete – Poems that are structurally shaped like their subject.
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Forms of Poetry Limerick -- A 5 line humorous poem that often has the rhyme scheme of AABBA. Lyric –a short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings. Historically, these were meant to be sung. Today, their primary purpose is NOT singing but they do have a melodic nature. Couplet – two lines that rhyme – pairs of rhyming lines.
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Forms of Poetry Ballad – A narrative poem that tells a story and was originally meant to be sung or recited. Ballads often deal with adventure or romance.
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