1. Part 3 - Exploring with Mr. Williams

2. Menes (review) Menes (review) Khufu Khufu Ramses II (a.k.a. Ramses the Great) Ramses II (a.k.a. Ramses the Great) Hatshepsut Hatshepsut King Tutankhamun (already covered) King Tutankhamun (already covered) Cleopatra Cleopatra

3. Considered by many to be the first pharaoh Considered by many to be the first pharaoh United Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt through war United Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt through war Had a neat crown that combined the white and red crowns of the two kingdoms into one. Had a neat crown that combined the white and red crowns of the two kingdoms into one. Supposedly reigned 62 years and was killed by a hippopotamus Supposedly reigned 62 years and was killed by a hippopotamus

4. Greeks called him Cheops, which is probably more well-known than Khufu. Greeks called him Cheops, which is probably more well-known than Khufu. Traditionally thought to be a very cruel king, though there is little evidence to support this. Traditionally thought to be a very cruel king, though there is little evidence to support this. Known because the Great Pyramid of Khufu was built during his reign. Known because the Great Pyramid of Khufu was built during his reign.

5. Most well-known for banishing worship of all but the Sun god Aten. Most well-known for banishing worship of all but the Sun god Aten. After their death Tutankhamun and his successors restored the old gods. After their death Tutankhamun and his successors restored the old gods. Their names were removed from inscriptions, and their temples were torn down. Their names were removed from inscriptions, and their temples were torn down. Has Nefertiti’s tomb been found? Time will tell. Has Nefertiti’s tomb been found? Time will tell.

6. Trained at a young age as a ruler and fighter Trained at a young age as a ruler and fighter Made an army captain at age 10 Made an army captain at age 10 Well-known for the massive monuments he built such as the temples at Karnak and Luxor Well-known for the massive monuments he built such as the temples at Karnak and Luxor Greatly increased the size of his kingdom Greatly increased the size of his kingdom Considered by many to be the last great Egyptian pharaoh Considered by many to be the last great Egyptian pharaoh

7. First great woman in recorded history First great woman in recorded history Was married to the pharaoh Thutmose II, her half brother. He died young, leaving the throne to Thutmose III, a son by another woman. Was married to the pharaoh Thutmose II, her half brother. He died young, leaving the throne to Thutmose III, a son by another woman. Because Thutmose III was still very young, Hatshepsut took over power. Because Thutmose III was still very young, Hatshepsut took over power. Because many people did not think women should rule, she dressed as a man, wore the pharaoh’s crown and royal ceremonial beard, and called herself king. Because many people did not think women should rule, she dressed as a man, wore the pharaoh’s crown and royal ceremonial beard, and called herself king. Ruled 20 years. Ruled 20 years. When she died, her stepson took back power and had her name stricken from all monuments she built. When she died, her stepson took back power and had her name stricken from all monuments she built.

8. 69-30 BC (ruled MUCH later than the other pharaohs we’ve studied) 69-30 BC (ruled MUCH later than the other pharaohs we’ve studied) Greek by birth Greek by birth Highly educated, spoke 7 languages Highly educated, spoke 7 languages Was 17 when her father died, and she and her brother were made co-rulers of Egypt Was 17 when her father died, and she and her brother were made co-rulers of Egypt Had children with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony. Had children with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony. According to legend, she committed suicide by poisoning herself with the venom of a deadly snake. According to legend, she committed suicide by poisoning herself with the venom of a deadly snake. Horrible Histories Cleopatra Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a l5NxDmPdrs&index=6&list=PLwE2Nxu QmGw5taiW5lhLKPqi5eOg0gi0- Horrible Histories Cleopatra Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a l5NxDmPdrs&index=6&list=PLwE2Nxu QmGw5taiW5lhLKPqi5eOg0gi0- Horrible Histories Cleopatra Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a l5NxDmPdrs&index=6&list=PLwE2Nxu QmGw5taiW5lhLKPqi5eOg0gi0- Horrible Histories Cleopatra Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a l5NxDmPdrs&index=6&list=PLwE2Nxu QmGw5taiW5lhLKPqi5eOg0gi0-

9. Valley where for 500 years the pharaohs and nobles of the New Kingdom were buried Valley where for 500 years the pharaohs and nobles of the New Kingdom were buried 63 known tombs 63 known tombs Valley of the Kings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =iIF7BActSZY Valley of the Kings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =iIF7BActSZY Valley of the Kings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =iIF7BActSZY Valley of the Kings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =iIF7BActSZY

10. Period in Egyptian history that lasted about 500 years, from 2700 to 2200 BC. Period in Egyptian history that lasted about 500 years, from 2700 to 2200 BC. Developed political system with pharaoh as both a king and a god. Developed political system with pharaoh as both a king and a god. First and some of largest pyramids built in this period. First and some of largest pyramids built in this period. Power struggles, crop failures, cost of building pyramids lead to its decline. Power struggles, crop failures, cost of building pyramids lead to its decline.

11. 2050-1750 BC 2050-1750 BC Drainage project creates more farmland Drainage project creates more farmland Trade developed with the Middle East and Crete Trade developed with the Middle East and Crete Corruption and rebellion common Corruption and rebellion common Group called Hyksos invade using horse, chariots, and advanced weapons to conquer and rule Lower Egypt for 200 years. Group called Hyksos invade using horse, chariots, and advanced weapons to conquer and rule Lower Egypt for 200 years.

12. 1550-1050 BC 1550-1050 BC Height of Egyptian power and glory Height of Egyptian power and glory Hyksos defeated and empire greatly expanded. Hyksos defeated and empire greatly expanded. Trade greatly increased Trade greatly increased Conquered kingdoms and those wanting to maintain good relations make Egypt wealthy with gifts such as gold, precious, stones, and leopard skins. Conquered kingdoms and those wanting to maintain good relations make Egypt wealthy with gifts such as gold, precious, stones, and leopard skins.

13. Egyptian writing system, one of the first in the world. Egyptian writing system, one of the first in the world. More than 600 symbols, each representing one more sounds in the Egyptian language. More than 600 symbols, each representing one more sounds in the Egyptian language. Could be written horizontally or vertically, right to left or left to write Could be written horizontally or vertically, right to left or left to write Extremely difficult to read Extremely difficult to read Papyrus – long-lasting, paper- like material made from reeds Papyrus – long-lasting, paper- like material made from reeds Cartouche – Oval name plate Cartouche – Oval name plate

14. Scholars couldn’t read hieroglyphics until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone Scholars couldn’t read hieroglyphics until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone Huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics Huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics Originally set up in a temple as a “thank you” to Ptolemy V, a Greek ruler of Egypt Originally set up in a temple as a “thank you” to Ptolemy V, a Greek ruler of Egypt Found in 1799 by a French soldier Found in 1799 by a French soldier French archaeologist Jean-Francois Champollion spent 20 years studying and deciphering the symbols French archaeologist Jean-Francois Champollion spent 20 years studying and deciphering the symbols Same text in ancient Egyptian, in a later form of Egyptian, and in Greek Same text in ancient Egyptian, in a later form of Egyptian, and in Greek Currently most visited item in the British Museum Currently most visited item in the British Museum