2. Russian Imperialism and Communism

3. 5. Describe the reigns of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin and how they were significant to the USSR: 6. What was the Cold War and how did Communism unravel?

4. 1. Joseph Stalin 2. Soviet sphere of influence 3. The Cold War 4. Fall of Communism 5. Communism today

6. 1. Setting the Stage: Joseph Stalin a. Lenin warned people of Stalin before his death in 1924 b. By 1928 Stalin was poised to take absolute control as a dictator c. Was an ally of the United States during World War II d. First enemy of the US during The Cold War

7. e. Killed many of his own people if they disagreed and attacked religion f. Known as rough and crude g. Encouraged people to think of him as “The greatest genius of all times and peoples” h. Did Truman use the Atomic Bomb on Japan to show off to the Soviet Union?

13. 2. Soviet Imperialism: The Soviet Sphere of Influence a. When the Soviet Union liberated Nazi occupied countries in World War II, they promised autonomy and free elections in those countries b. Instead, they took over and imposed Communism, “The Iron Curtain” c. Countries affected were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania, and Albania

14. 1 15 th Army Grp Clark 8 6 th Army Grp Devers 21 th Army Grp Montgomery 9 1 2 1 12 th Army Grp Bradley 91317 5 15 8

15.  2a. Germany was split into four regions after World War II. The regions were controlled by the following powers:  United States  Great Britain  Russia  France

18. d. The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance created for the countries listed above to offset NATO established by the free countries of the West

19. e. The Soviet Union supported Mao Zedong’s communist victory in China in 1949 as well as the communist regime in North Korea

20. f. The Soviet Union supported communist Cuba

21. g. The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan in 1979 h. The US quietly supports Afghanistan freedom fighters; Soviets leave beaten and frustrated in 1989

22. 3. Review: The Cold War a. Begins in 1945 b. Time of tension between US (capitalist & free) and Soviet Union (Communist) c. Neither side trusted each other, nor wanted to share in the post war victory over Germany or Japan d. US and Soviet Union never directly fight one another

23. e. Build of nuclear weapons, Nuclear Arms race (Soviets get bomb in 1949)

24. f. Space race starts when the Soviets launch satellite Sputnik in 1957

25. g. Korean and Vietnam conflicts were U.S. Cold War Containment policies i.These conflicts are termed “hot flashes” because they were conflicts that involved combat during a larger conflict that did not involve actual fighting. ii.The Korean Conflict ends in a stalemate at the 38 th parallel iii.The Vietnam Conflict ends with North Vietnam imposing communism on South Vietnam and renaming the capital in the south Ho Chi Minh City iv.Angola was another conflict where the U.S. and Soviet Union supported opposing sides, though this civil war did not end until long after the Cold War had ended

28. h. The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep Berlin divided

29. i. Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 nearly brought us to nuclear war because the Soviets put nuclear tipped missiles within striking range of the US

30. j. After a period of détente, Reagan puts pressure on the Soviet Union, calling it an “evil empire.” k. Reagan teases Star Wars or SDI missile defense system

31. k. Miracle on Ice: US beats Soviet Union in Olympic Hockey in 1980

32. 4. Communism Unravels a. Soviets spend too much money on nuclear weapons during late Cold War; economy is in shambles b. Mikhail Gorbechev introduces democratic changes (glastnost) and new openness (perestroika) in 1985

33. c. Polish workers union known as Solidarity led by Lech Walesa, forced the government in Communist Poland to agree to negotiations and establish (free?) elections

34. d. Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989: Chinese army turns on crowd marching for democratic reform; hundreds killed and protest is ended violently

35. e. Eastern Bloc (Soviet Satellite) countries start breaking away f. Berlin Wall comes down in 1989 (Symbolic)

36. g. Communism falls apart at the end of the Cold War and in 1991, Boris Yeltsin is elected as a democratic leader h. Soviet Union goes back to being called Russia or Russian Federation i. Capitalism and democracy prevailed

37. 5. Communism Today a. Communist countries today i.The People’s Republic of China ii.Cuba iii.Laos iv.North Korea v.Vietnam

38.  Result: The capitalists win the Cold War and The Soviet Union dissolves allowing Boris Yeltsin to be elected as the first democratic ruler of Russia in 1991. Today Russia is still facing a slow economy and is not the super power they once were, but are still a force to reckoned with.

39. 5. Describe the reigns of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin and how they were significant to the USSR: 6. What was the Cold War and how did Communism unravel?