1. Course Slides Chapter 12 Broadband Access Alternatives Chapter 12 Broadband Access Alternatives

2. Topics Transmission Lines Switching Spectrum & Bandwidth Analog & Digital Multiplexing Politics

3. Broadband Global Broadband Market $580 Billion US by 2010 2005 European demand 2010 Asian demand Decisions before deployment Media options Service strategy Installation cost

4. Media Options MediumExamples Twisted-pair xDSL Coax HFC Fiber FTTC, FTTH, FTTx, PON FTTxPONFTTxPON Wireless DBSDBS, MMDS, LMDS MMDSLMDS DBSMMDSLMDS Emerging PowerlinePowerline, Ethernet in the loop, Home PNA Ethernet in the loopHome PNA PowerlineEthernet in the loopHome PNA

5. xDSL Worldwide market – 23 million by 2005 Maximum range – 5.5 km Performance decreases as loop length increases Point-to-point connection, always on Requires a firewall Uses sophisticated modulation & echo cancellation Data path fails but voice path remains during a power blackout DSL Forum

6. xDSL Limitations Attenuation Directly proportional to frequency Resistance Skin effect increases with frequency Crosstalk Increases with frequency & number of cables Loading coils Loop inductors used to improve voice, hinder data Taps Open splicing contacts create echoes Remote concentrators Most are not DSL compatible

7. xDSL Comparisons HDSLIDSLSDSL M/SDS L ADSLRADSLVDSL Range (km) 3.65.55.58.95.55.51.5 SymmetrySSSSAS/AA Max Capacity (Mbps) 20.128222/0.0648/0.0847/152/2.3 Twisted Pairs 2111111

8. DSL Types

9. HDSL Oldest DSL technique Used to provision T-1 type services Compatible with loop carriers

10. HDSL2 Used for residential services Single wire pair (3.6 km) Full-duplex symmetry at 768 kbps Not yet ratified (proprietary) ADC Pair Gain Technologies ADTRAN

11. IDSL ISDN DSL 128 kbps bi-directional Cannot be channelized (bypasses the PSTN) Compatible with loop carriers Maximum range – 5.5 km

12. SDSL 1 Pair, max range – 5.5 km Full Duplex, symmetrical T-1 or FT-1 rates SOHO applications Offered by MagmaMagma M/SDSL – Multi-rate SDSL M/SDSL

13. ADSL ADSL-1 1.5 Mbps, max range – 5.5 km ADSL-2 6 Mbps down, 800 kbps up Max range – 3.5 km Modulation – CAP, DMTCAPDMT Tutorial 1 Tutorial 2 Tutorial 1Tutorial 2 Terminates at a DSLAMDSLAM Voice goes to the PSTN Data goes to the internet

14. DSL Variations ADSL Lite or G.Lite ADSL Lite 1.5 Mbps down, 512 kbps up Max range – 7.5 km ADSL Heavy or G.Heavy ADSL Heavy 8 Mbps down, 1 Mbps up Rate Adaptive DSL Max range – 5.5 km 0.6 – 7 Mbps down, 0.128 – 1 Mbps up VDSL Very short range, very high speed May fit with FTTC Key application may be HDTV

15. HFC Fiber to the neighborhood Coax to the home Fiber/coax node supports 200 – 2000 homes

16. HFC Architecture Data Architecture Graphics Bus topology FDM is used to create channels Video, telephony, broadband services Initially unidirectional Bidirectional upgrade $200 - $600 US per customer Security concerns on shared coax Shared bandwidth slows performance

17. Cable Modems Function as network adapter Ethernet is generally used at the PC interface Tutorial 1 Tutorial 2 Tutorial 1Tutorial 2 DOCSIS Downstream – 64 or 256 QAM TCP/IP in Ethernet frames 36 Mbps max Upstream – QPSK 2.5 Mbps max Modulation

18. Digital Cable TV http://www.digitalhomecan ada.com/ http://www.digitalhomecan ada.com/ How Stuff Works OpenCable CMTS – cable modem termination system CMTS Supports DTV, VoD, VoIP CATV Report Delivery System Architecture Delivery System Architecture

19. FTTC Local exchange – HDT host digital terminal OC-3 HDT – ONU 52 Mbps down 20 Mbps up ONU – home 4 – 60 customers/ONU VDLS drop Service channels are switched at the source

20. FTTH Dedicated connection to customer Minimum OC-3 Maximum security Lowest maintenance cost ~ $3000 per customer FTTP

21. PONs DWDM to passive splitters Located in CEV Max range ~ 20 km Single wavelength to ONU (OLT) Customers share an OC- 3 Ethernet, ATM, T-1 PON Forum

22. Wireless Broadband DBS MMDS LMDS Free Space Optics Unlicensed Bands

23. DBS Based on VSAT technology Ku Band Supports >150 digital channels Requires MPEG-2 decoder Cable or twisted pair return channel New Systems Ka Band High-speed uplink

24. MMDS Also called wireless cable One-way TV broadcast Line of sight microwave 2-3 GHz May support Internet 0.128 – 10 Mbps Some systems use OFDM OFDM

25. LMDS Supports Video, voice, broadband data Omnidirectional antennas 5 km microcell 1.3 GHz allocation 1.5 Gbps downstream (TDM) 200 Mbps upstream (FDM) Numerous bands 24, 28, 31, 38, 39 GHz

26. Free Space Optics Infrared lasers 4 km range (max 10 km) 155 Mbps – 10 Gbps throughput Weather interference

27. Unlicensed Bands ISM 0.9, 2.4, 5.8, and 24 GHz (and other) bands 55 km range 0.128 – 10 Mbps throughput Used by BluetoothBluetooth IEEE 802.11 WiFi primerWiFiprimer IEEE 802.16 WiMAXWiMAX

28. Emerging Media HomePNA Home LAN based on phone wiring http://www.homepna.org/ Ethernet-in-the-Loop 1 and 10 Gbps Ethernet home hub PLT Power line telecommunication Maximum data rate 45 Mbps