1. BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 REVIEW ANSWERS

2. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1. What is Biology?
Answer:
Biology is the science of life. Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.

3. 2. List the 7 characteristics of life discussed in class.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
2. List the 7 characteristics of life discussed in class.
Answer:
1. Homeostasis - Internal regulation of the environment to maintain a constant, balanced state 2. Organization - Being structurally composed of one or more cells 3. Metabolism - Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism 4. Growth - A growing organism accumulates mattere, and increases in size

4. 7 characteristics of life continued
5. Adaptation - The ability to change over time in response to the environment.
6. Response to Stimuli - A living organism must respond s to external/environmental stimuli 7. Reproduction - ability to produce new individual organisms, either asexually or sexually from two parent organisms. 

5. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
3. What is metabolism?
Answer:
Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism

6. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
4. What is homeostasis?
Answer:
Internal regulation of the environment to maintain a constant, balanced state

7. A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
5. What is a gene?
Answer:
A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.

8. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
6. What is heredity?
Answer:
passing of traits from parents to their offspring, by asexual or sexual reproduction.

9. Collection of adaptations over long periods of time in populations
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
7. What is evolution?
Answer:
Collection of adaptations over long periods of time in populations

10. 1.Discovery science (describing) - the tree is big
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
8. What are the two types of scientific inquiry and how do they differ?
Answer:
1.Discovery science (describing) - the tree is big
2. Hypothesis-based science (explaining) -the tree is big because the fertilizer helps it grow

11. 9. What is an observation? List an example.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
9. What is an observation? List an example.
Answer:
Using one or more of your senses to gather information about the world. Ex. Trees lose their leaves in the fall

12. 10. What is an inference? List an example.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
10. What is an inference? List an example.
Answer:
Explaining or interpreting an observation or statement. Ex. Trees lose their leaves in fall. Leaves fall off because the days are shorter

13. 11. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
11. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data.
Answer:
Qualitative data is data that cannot be measured. An examples would be color Ex: smells, tastes.
Quantitative data can be measured. For example, There number of times a heart beats in one minute.

14. Deductive reasoning takes general cases and makes specific examples
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
12. What are the differences between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Answer:
Inductive reasoning takes specific examples and makes sweeping general conclusions.
Ex. All cats that you have observed purr. Therefore, every cat must purr.
Deductive reasoning takes general cases and makes specific examples

15. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
13. What is a hypothesis?
Answer:
A hypothesis is testable statement about how things work. Most of the time a hypothesis is written like this: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will ..

16. 14. What are the five basic components of the scientific method?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
14. What are the five basic components of the scientific method?
Answer:
1. Make an Observation 2. Develop a Hypothesis
3. Make an Experiment 4. Carry out the Experiment and Analyze results 5. Draw Conclusions

17. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
15. Explain the differences between a control group and experimental groups.
Answer:
Control group is the part of an experiment that serves as a basis of comparison to determine the effects of the variable (e.x. plants that don't receive miracle-gro)
The set-up that contains the independent variable. Ex. Breathing rate of fish vs. water temp. The change in water temperature and resulting change in breathing rate is experimental group

18. 16. What is an independent variable?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
16. What is an independent variable?
Answer:
In the x-axis, the variable being manipulated in an experiment. Ex. Water temperature in the previous example.

19. 17. What is a dependent variable?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
17. What is a dependent variable?
Answer:
In the y-axis, the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable. This is what you measure and observe in the experiment e.x. the change in breathing rate that results from changing water temperature
Control will be a parallel experiment with no change in water temperature. Results in breathing rate will be compared to the control group.

20. Independent = change in fuel used in her vehicle
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
18. My friend Molly wanted to determine if alternative fuels would be more efficient in her car than standard gasoline. She decided to drive her car around using the following alternative fuel types: biodiesel, ethanol, vegetable oil, and hydrogen. What would be the dependent variable in Molly’s experiment? What would be the independent variable in Molly’s experiment?
Answer:
Independent = change in fuel used in her vehicle
Dependent = miles per gallon measured for each fuel
Control = miles per gallon using standard gasoline

21. Metric System & Graphing
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Metric System & Graphing
19. What are the three base units of the metric system?
Answer:
Length - meter
Mass – gram
Volume - liter

22. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
20. What are the prefixes used in the metric system from smallest to largest?
Answer:
milli- m thousandth 0.001  centi- c hundredth 0.01  deci- d tenth 0.1  0  deca- d ten 10  hecto- h hundred 100  kilo- k thousand 1000 

23. 21. Convert 23.406 dkm to cm. 23,406 cm Answer: Chapter 1
The Study of Life
21. Convert dkm to cm.
Answer:
23,406 cm

24. 22. Convert 6.4 kg to dg. 64,000 dg Answer: Chapter 1
The Study of Life
22. Convert 6.4 kg to dg.
Answer:
64,000 dg

25. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
23. Convert hl to L.
Answer:
7566 L

26. Independent on the X axis Dependent on Y
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
24. Where are the independent variable and dependent variable placed on a graph?
Answer:
Independent on the X axis
Dependent on Y

27. 25. List the four types of microscopes discussed in class.
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
25. List the four types of microscopes discussed in class.
Answer:
Compound light microscope
Dissecting microscope
Transmission electron microscope(TEM) 
Scanning electron microscope(SEM)
Simple microscope (magnifying glass)

28. The apparent enlargement of an object by an optical instrument
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
26. What is magnification?
Answer:
The apparent enlargement of an object by an optical instrument 

29. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
27. What is resolution?
Answer:
The smallest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished as two separate entities

30. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
28. How do you determine the total magnification power of a microscope?
Answer:
Multiply the magnification (power) of the eyepiece or ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens

31. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
29. If you are looking through an eye piece that has a magnification of 10x and an objective lens of 100x, what would be the total magnification?
Answer:
1000X

32. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
30. Be able to distinguish what types of microscopes would be appropriate for a given experiment.

33. What is a testable explanation?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
What is a testable explanation?
observation
hypothesis
experiment
constant D C B A
CDQ 2

34. Which is not a characteristic of all organisms?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not a characteristic of all organisms?
made of one or more cells
grows and develops
capable of rational thought
maintains homeostasis D C B A
CDQ 3

35. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.1 Formative Questions
What area of science takes scientific knowledge and applies it to meet human needs?
exploration
dynamics
physics
technology D C B A
FQ 1

36. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.1 Formative Questions
What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism?
adaptation
development
growth
maturation D C B A
FQ 2

37. adapting to the environment displaying organization
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.1 Formative Questions
Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent?
acquiring energy
adapting to the environment
displaying organization
responding to stimuli D C B A
FQ 3

38. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.1 Formative Questions
What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable?
adaptation
equilibrium
homeostasis
metabolism D C B A
FQ 4

39. What is a theory? Chapter 1 The Study of Life 1.2 Formative Questions
a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon
a creative tool for designing investigations
a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an explanation
an explanation supported by observations and experiments D C B A
FQ 5

40. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.2 Formative Questions
Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding. B A
true
false
FQ 6

41. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.2 Formative Questions
A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through?
forensics
peer review
scientific methods
the metric system D C B A
FQ 7

42. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.2 Formative Questions
What do issues such as AIDS, global warming, genetic engineering, and cloning have in common?
They involve ethics.
They involve forensics.
They must be addressed by scientists.
They require the metric system. D C B A
FQ 8

43. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.3 Formative Questions
When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already know, what are you making?
a conjecture
an inference
a speculation
a theory D C B A
FQ 9

44. a testable explanation
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.3 Formative Questions
What is a hypothesis?
a defined question
a curious assumption
a tested inference
a testable explanation D C B A
FQ 10

45. What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.3 Formative Questions
What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery?
accidental
anticipated
ingenious
whimsical D C B A
FQ 11

46. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
1.3 Formative Questions
In order for scientific experiments to be valid, they must be based on scientific methods that use controlled experiments. B A
true
false
FQ 12

47. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Assessment Questions
Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation.
forensics
natural law
theory
physics D C B A
CAQ 1

48. In a controlled experiment, which factor can change?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Assessment Questions
In a controlled experiment, which factor can change?
control group
experimental group
dependent variable
independent variable D C B A
CAQ 2

49. Look at the figure below. Why is scientific
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Assessment Questions
Look at the figure below. Why is scientific
data often displayed in graphs?
CAQ 3

50. Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the data and make it easier to
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the
data and make it easier to
understand.
CAQ 4

51. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Standardized Test Practice
Which biological science was Jane Goodall studying when she observed chimpanzees?
ecology
genetics
animal behavior
biotechnology D C B A
STP 1

52. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Standardized Test Practice
In which activity would an environmental biologist most likely be involved?
genetically engineering plants
finding ways to protect species
preventing the spread of disease
developing new medicines and vaccines D C B A
STP 2

53. Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Standardized Test Practice
Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience?
It brings up more questions.
It causes disagreement and debate.
It does not welcome scientific investigation.
It does not receive acceptance by scientists. D C B A
STP 3

54. Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Standardized Test Practice
Scientists use laboratory rats to test the effects of a new drug, Razatrin. What do rats in the control group receive?
food containing Razatrin
food without Razatrin
food containing another drug
food containing a variety of drugs D C B A
STP 4

55. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Standardized Test Practice
Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?
number
of days
mass B A
STP 5

56. Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
biology
organism
organization
growth
development
reproduction
species
stimulus
response
homeostasis
adaptation

57. Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
science
theory
peer review
metric system SI
forensics
ethics

58. Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
Chapter 1
The Study of Life
Vocabulary – give a brief description of the following terms
observation
inference
scientific method
hypothesis
experiment
control group
experimental group
independent variable
dependent variable
constant
data

59. Vocabulary Review
Chapter 1

60. The science of life
Biology

61. The production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes
Asexual reproduction

62. An organism that uses energy to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic substances
Autotroph

63. Tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
Organelles

64. Major subdivisions of all organisms
Domains

65. High degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and its interactions with the living world
Organization

66. Made up of one cell
Unicellular

67. Made up of more than one cell
Multicellular

68. Structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system

69. Smallest unit that can perform all life’s processes
Cell

70. Segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein; a unit of hereditary information
Gene

71. An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products
Heterotroph

72. The stable internal conditions of a living thing
Homeostasis

73. A double-helix-shaped nucleic acid
DNA

74. The sum of all chemical processes in living things
Metabolism

75. Groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function
Tissue

76. The production of new offspring
Reproduction

77. Formation of two new cells from an existing cell
Cell division

78. Process by which an organism becomes a mature adult
Development

79. One of six major categories in Taxonomy
Kingdom

80. Brand of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment
Ecology

81. Communities of living species and their physical environments
Ecosystem

82. Process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations
Evolution

83. Organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits
Natural Selection

84. Traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptations

85. The act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question
Observation

86. Proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions
Hypothesis

87. Organized approach to learn how the natural world works
Scientific Method

88. Used to test a hypothesis and its prediction
Experiment

89. Provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group
Control Group

90. Identical to the control group except for one factor
Experimental Group

91. “responding variable”; affected by the independent variable

92. “manipulated variable”; experimenter changes this variable
Independent variable

93. A highly tested, generally accepted principle that explains a vast number of observations and experimental data
Theory