1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL

2. YOU TRY IT!

3. HOW CAN YOU DESCRIBE THEM IF YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT THEY WERE? DESCRIBING OBJECTS BY USING SIZE SHAPE COLOR TEXTURE USES AN OBJECT'S PROPERTIES.

4. WE CALL ‘EM PROPERTIES IT DOESN’T MATTER WHAT YOUR OBJECT WAS, EVERYONE USED SIMILAR DESCRIPTIONS. WHAT WERE SOME OF THE PROPERTIES YOU LISTED ABOUT YOUR OBJECT? SIZE, WEIGHT & MASS, SHAPE, ODOR, SOUND, ETC. AFTER OPENING YOUR BAG, YOU WERE ABLE TO LIST EVEN MORE PROPERTIES SUCH AS COLOR, TEXTURE, ETC.

5. MATTER: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME MATTER: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME MASS – THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN SOMETHING MASS – THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN SOMETHING VOLUME – THE AMOUNT OF SPACE SOMETHING OCCUPIES VOLUME – THE AMOUNT OF SPACE SOMETHING OCCUPIES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MATTER? WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MATTER? A CAR? A CAR? A BOX? A BOX? YOU? YOU? REVIEWING MATTER

6. MATTER EVERY ELEMENT/COMPOUND IS UNIQUE IN SOME WAY FROM ALL OTHERS. EVERY ELEMENT/COMPOUND IS UNIQUE IN SOME WAY FROM ALL OTHERS. IF YOU KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT A SUBSTANCE, YOU CAN FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS. IF YOU KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT A SUBSTANCE, YOU CAN FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS. IF YOU KNOW WHAT A SUBSTANCE IS, YOU CAN KNOW ALL TYPES OF THINGS ABOUT IT. IF YOU KNOW WHAT A SUBSTANCE IS, YOU CAN KNOW ALL TYPES OF THINGS ABOUT IT.

7. ALL SUBSTANCES HAVE PROPERTIES… INCLUDING PEOPLE! EXAMPLE: PEOPLE CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THEIR … Face ( shape, expressions ) VoiceHeightFinger prints Eye colorHair colorTeethDNA

8. PROPERTIES OF MATTER A PROPERTY DESCRIBES HOW AN OBJECT LOOKS, FEELS, OR ACTS. THE OBJECTS SHOWN HERE HAVE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROPERTIES:

9. WHAT ARE PROPERTIES? MATTER HAS OBSERVABLE AND MEASURABLE QUALITIES. MATTER HAS OBSERVABLE AND MEASURABLE QUALITIES. WE CAN USE GENERAL PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY SUBSTANCES. WE CAN USE GENERAL PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY SUBSTANCES.

10. PROPERTIES OF MATTER ALL MATTER HAS 2 TYPES OF PROPERTIES: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. ALL MATTER HAS 2 TYPES OF PROPERTIES: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

11. PROPERTIES OF MATTER REMEMBER ALL OBJECTS TAKE UP SPACE AND HAVE MASS. YOU USE YOUR SENSE OF TASTE AND SMELL TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPINACH AND AN ORANGE.

12. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- THE MEASUREMENT OF MASS AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN BE SEEN WITHOUT CHANGING HOW THAT OBJECT LOOKS ARE ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. WHEN YOU LOOK AT ORANGES, YOU KNOW THAT THEY ARE ORANGES BECAUSE OF THEIR COLOR, SHAPE, AND SMELL. MASS, COLOR, SHAPE, VOLUME, AND DENSITY ARE SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE MATTER. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE MATTER. BASICALLY, PROPERTIES YOU NOTICE WHEN USING ONE OF YOUR FIVE SENSES: BASICALLY, PROPERTIES YOU NOTICE WHEN USING ONE OF YOUR FIVE SENSES: FEEL - MASS, VOLUME, TEXTURE FEEL - MASS, VOLUME, TEXTURE SIGHT - COLOR SIGHT - COLOR HEAR HEAR SMELL SMELL TASTE TASTE

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE EXTENSIVE OR INTENSIVE: EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES DEPEND ON THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE THAT YOU HAVE. EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: VOLUME VOLUME MASS MASS WEIGHT WEIGHT SIZE SIZE INTENSIVE PROPERTIES DO NOT DEPEND ON HOW MUCH YOU HAVE. EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: DENSITY DENSITY MELTING POINT MELTING POINT BOILING POINT BOILING POINT

15. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - EXAMPLES Other physical properties include: ColorDensityOdor TasteTextureLuster (shine) FlexibilityHeat conductivityElectrical conductivity Solubility (ability to dissolve in water.) ShapeViscosity DuctilityMalleabilityState of matter HardnessBoiling PointMelting/Freezing Point

16. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: NEED TO KNOW TERMS LUSTER - HOW SHINY A SUBSTANCE IS. VISCOSITY- RESISTANCE TO FLOW VISCOSITY MALLEABILITY - THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO BE BEATEN INTO THIN SHEETS. DUCTILITY - THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO BE DRAWN INTO THIN WIRES. CONDUCTIVITY - THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO ALLOW THE FLOW OF ENERGY OR ELECTRICITY. HARDNESS - HOW EASILY A SUBSTANCE CAN BE SCRATCHED. THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SOLID CHANGES INTO A LIQUID. MELTING- THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SOLID CHANGES INTO A LIQUID. THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES INTO A SOLID. FREEZING POINT - THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES INTO A SOLID. THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES INTO A GAS BOILING POINT- THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID CHANGES INTO A GAS

18. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LIST AS MANY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AS YOU CAN FOR THIS ITEM LIST AS MANY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AS YOU CAN FOR THIS ITEM

19. PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: OBSERVE WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: OBSERVE WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: OBSERVE ONLY WHEN THE IDENTITY CHANGES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: OBSERVE ONLY WHEN THE IDENTITY CHANGES HOW DO YOU KNOW IF IT IS CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL? HOW DO YOU KNOW IF IT IS CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL? IF IT CHANGES, IT’S CHEMICAL IF IT CHANGES, IT’S CHEMICAL

20. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES A CHEMICAL PROPERTY IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN ONLY BE OBSERVED BY CHANGING IT INTO A DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE. IT ALWAYS RESULTS IN A NEW SUBSTANCE BEING FORMED. A CHEMICAL PROPERTY IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN ONLY BE OBSERVED BY CHANGING IT INTO A DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE. IT ALWAYS RESULTS IN A NEW SUBSTANCE BEING FORMED.

21. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES THESE ARE PROPERTIES THAT CAN ONLY BE OBSERVED BY CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE. A PIECE OF PAPER BURNS AND TURNS TO A BLACK SUBSTANCE. AFTER THE FLAME GOES OUT YOU CAN NO LONGER BURN THE NEW SUBSTANCE. THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES HAVE BEEN CHANGED.

22. MILK NEEDS TO BE IN THE REFRIGERATOR OR ELSE IT WILL GO BAD. IF YOU'VE EVER SEEN OR SMELLED SPOILED MILK, IT IS NOT A PRETTY SIGHT. THE MILK GETS A SOUR ODOR AND BECOMES LUMPY. UNLIKE PHYSICAL CHANGES, YOU CANNOT REVERSE CHEMICAL CHANGES. YOU CAN MELT ICE TO GET WATER AND FREEZE THAT WATER TO GET ICE AGAIN. YOU CANNOT MAKE MILK UNSPOILED.

23. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved A SUBSTANCE ’ S ABILITY TO FORM NEW SUBSTANCES. A SUBSTANCE ’ S ABILITY TO FORM NEW SUBSTANCES. THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE HOW THE COMPOSITION OF MATTER CHANGES AS A RESULT OF CONTACT WITH OTHER MATTER OR THE INFLUENCE OF ENERGY. THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE HOW THE COMPOSITION OF MATTER CHANGES AS A RESULT OF CONTACT WITH OTHER MATTER OR THE INFLUENCE OF ENERGY. CHARACTERISTICS THAT DESCRIBE THE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER. CHARACTERISTICS THAT DESCRIBE THE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER. EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:  FLAMMABILITY, RUSTING OF STEEL, AND THE DIGESTION OF FOOD CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

24. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES - EXAMPLES EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE: THE ABILITY TO BURN THE ABILITY TO BURN ABILITY TO TARNISH ABILITY TO TARNISH ABILITY TO RUST ABILITY TO RUST ABILITY TO DECOMPOSE ABILITY TO DECOMPOSE ABILITY TO REACT WITH OTHER CHEMICALS ABILITY TO REACT WITH OTHER CHEMICALS INSTABILITY INSTABILITY ABILITY TO DO ACID/BASE REACTIONS ABILITY TO DO ACID/BASE REACTIONS A common chemical property is reactivity. Reactive to oxygen Reactive to air Reactive to water … Notice that chemical properties aren ’ t EASY to observe, unlike physical properties.

25. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES LIST AS MANY CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS YOU CAN FOR THIS ITEM. LIST AS MANY CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS YOU CAN FOR THIS ITEM.

26. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved CONCEPT CHECK CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY.  ETHYL ALCOHOL BOILING AT 78°C  HARDNESS OF A DIAMOND  SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL PHYSICALPHYSICALCHEMICAL

27. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? ABILITY OF GUN POWDER AND FIRE TO EXPLODE. ABILITY OF GUN POWDER AND FIRE TO EXPLODE. Chemical Property

28. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE COLOR OF A SUNSET. THE COLOR OF A SUNSET. Physical Property

29. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE ABILITY OF A NAIL TO RUST. THE ABILITY OF A NAIL TO RUST. Chemical Property

30. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE ABILITY OF WOOD TO BURN. THE ABILITY OF WOOD TO BURN. Chemical Property

31. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE HARDNESS OF A DIAMOND. THE HARDNESS OF A DIAMOND. Physical Property

32. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE VOLUME OF YOUR COKE. THE VOLUME OF YOUR COKE. Physical Property

33. PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY? THE MASS OF TWO CAMELS. THE MASS OF TWO CAMELS. Physical Property

34. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? TITANIUM IS VERY STRONG AND DOESN’T RUST, SO IT IS OFTEN USED IN JET ENGINES. TITANIUM IS VERY STRONG AND DOESN’T RUST, SO IT IS OFTEN USED IN JET ENGINES. TITANIUM IS ALSO NON- ALLERGENIC. THIS, COMBINED WITH THE FACT THAT IT IS RUST PROOF MAKES IT GREAT FOR ARTIFICIAL JOINTS AS WELL AS PIERCINGS. TITANIUM IS ALSO NON- ALLERGENIC. THIS, COMBINED WITH THE FACT THAT IT IS RUST PROOF MAKES IT GREAT FOR ARTIFICIAL JOINTS AS WELL AS PIERCINGS.

35. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? TUNGSTEN IS USUALLY USED AS THE FILAMENT IN LIGHT BULBS BECAUSE IT HAS THE HIGHEST MELTING POINT OF ANY METAL. TUNGSTEN IS USUALLY USED AS THE FILAMENT IN LIGHT BULBS BECAUSE IT HAS THE HIGHEST MELTING POINT OF ANY METAL. IT GLOWS RED HOT WHEN ELECTRICITY RUNS THROUGH IT, AND IT GIVES OFF BOTH HEAT AND LIGHT. IT GLOWS RED HOT WHEN ELECTRICITY RUNS THROUGH IT, AND IT GIVES OFF BOTH HEAT AND LIGHT.

36. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? VANADIUM IS HEAVIER AND HARDER THAN TITANIUM, SO MIXING A TINY BIT OF VANADIUM WITH STEEL CAN MAKE CHEAP TOOLS THAT ARE STILL VERY STRONG. VANADIUM IS HEAVIER AND HARDER THAN TITANIUM, SO MIXING A TINY BIT OF VANADIUM WITH STEEL CAN MAKE CHEAP TOOLS THAT ARE STILL VERY STRONG.

37. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? HELIUM IS ALMOST COMPLETELY NONREACTIVE (INERT). HELIUM IS ALMOST COMPLETELY NONREACTIVE (INERT). IT IS LIGHTER THAN AIR, SO IT’S GREAT FOR FLOATING BALLOONS (OR MAKING FUNNY VOICES.) IT IS LIGHTER THAN AIR, SO IT’S GREAT FOR FLOATING BALLOONS (OR MAKING FUNNY VOICES.) WHEN ELECTRICITY RUNS THROUGH HELIUM, IT GLOWS A CREAMY PALE PEACH COLOR. WHEN ELECTRICITY RUNS THROUGH HELIUM, IT GLOWS A CREAMY PALE PEACH COLOR.

38. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? IN 1943, ALL US PENNIES WERE MADE OF ZINC PLATED STEEL BECAUSE COPPER WAS BEING USED IN THE WAR. THE PENNIES HAD TO BE COATED WITH ZINC BECAUSE STEEL WILL RUST, BUT ZINC WON’T. IN 1943, ALL US PENNIES WERE MADE OF ZINC PLATED STEEL BECAUSE COPPER WAS BEING USED IN THE WAR. THE PENNIES HAD TO BE COATED WITH ZINC BECAUSE STEEL WILL RUST, BUT ZINC WON’T.

39. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? SULFUR SMELLS AWFUL. ROTTEN EGGS, ONIONS, AND GARLIC ALL HAVE SULFUR IN THEM. STINK BOMBS USE SULFUR TO CREATE A BAD SMELL. SULFUR SMELLS AWFUL. ROTTEN EGGS, ONIONS, AND GARLIC ALL HAVE SULFUR IN THEM. STINK BOMBS USE SULFUR TO CREATE A BAD SMELL. SULFUR IS ALSO FLAMMABLE, AND IT IS ONE OF THE 3 MAIN INGREDIENTS IN GUN POWDER. SULFUR IS ALSO FLAMMABLE, AND IT IS ONE OF THE 3 MAIN INGREDIENTS IN GUN POWDER.

40. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? CHROMIUM IS FAMOUS FOR ITS INTENSE LUSTER. CHROME PLATED TOOLS, JEWELRY, SILVERWARE, OR CAR PARTS ARE VERY POPULAR. CHROMIUM IS FAMOUS FOR ITS INTENSE LUSTER. CHROME PLATED TOOLS, JEWELRY, SILVERWARE, OR CAR PARTS ARE VERY POPULAR.

41. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? MOST BULLETS ARE MADE OF LEAD BECAUSE LEAD IS A VERY DENSE METAL. THESE BULLETS ARE REQUIRED, BY INTERNATIONAL LAW, TO BE COATED WITH A DIFFERENT METAL BECAUSE LEAD HAS SUCH A LOW MELTING POINT AND IS SO MALLEABLE. MOST BULLETS ARE MADE OF LEAD BECAUSE LEAD IS A VERY DENSE METAL. THESE BULLETS ARE REQUIRED, BY INTERNATIONAL LAW, TO BE COATED WITH A DIFFERENT METAL BECAUSE LEAD HAS SUCH A LOW MELTING POINT AND IS SO MALLEABLE.

42. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – SO WHAT? THE MOST DENSE ELEMENTS ARE IRIDIUM AND OSMIUM WHICH HAVE A DENSITY OF ABOUT 22.6 G/CM 3 THE MOST DENSE ELEMENTS ARE IRIDIUM AND OSMIUM WHICH HAVE A DENSITY OF ABOUT 22.6 G/CM 3

44. ALIKE? DIFFERENT? DRAW A DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP IN YOUR NOTES TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. DRAW A DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP IN YOUR NOTES TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

45. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES

46. 1944 Hartford Circus Fire - Do Now Briefly answer the following four questions based on the video “Fire Under the Big Top… You may use your notes! 1.List any two causes/factors for the Hartford Circus Fire. 2.What major world event was going on when the fire occurred? 3.What was the 2-component mixture used to waterproof the circus tent? 4.Who did the public blame - who was the scapegoat - for the fire and the deaths with it? Hand in paper when finished, read article silently…

47. 1.List any two causes/factors for the Hartford Circus Fire. Many causes/factors: lit match/cigarette, flammable waterproofing material, no fire extinguishers, narrow exits, tents nailed to ground, being unprepared 2.What major world event was going on when the fire occurred? A: World War II 3.What was the 2-component mixture used to waterproof the circus tent? A: parafin wax and gasoline 4.Who did the public blame - who was the scapegoat - for the fire and the deaths with it? A: Most people blamed the circus owners and performers

48. Surface Tension Activities 1.Obtain a dropper, piece of waxed paper, a penny and a cup of water. 2.Place 1 drop of water in the center of the wax paper. Notice how it looks, write down what you see. Roll the drop around the paper without spilling. What did you notice? 3.Dry off the paper when you are done, return to the center table. 4.Place penny flat on table. Using the dropper, slowly add drops of water onto the penny. See how many you can add until the water flows off the penny. Record the number on your sheet.

49. Write About It 1.Imagine you are a spectator (person in the audience) at the Hartford Circus. When you see the fire, what is the first thing you do. Explain why. 2.Many people went back inside the tent after they had escaped. Why do you think they did this? Would you do the same thing, or something different? 3.Imagine your are an investigator of the Hartford Circus Fire. You now know some of the causes/factors of the fire. What are some suggestions or recommendations you would give the circus owners to prevent future fires? Use information from the video or the article to answer the questions below in complete sentences.