2. S1-4-03: Why were the position and motion of visible celestial objects important to past cultures? How can you measure the location of objects in the sky? OUTCOME QUESTION(S): Vocabulary & Concepts ConstellationPolaris StarPlanet

4. 1. Agricultural revolution: tracking stars became necessary to accurately mark the growing season. Position allowed for creation of a calendar that had 365 days in a year. There was both a spiritual and practical significance to tracking the celestial movements

5. 2. Exploration and Trade: tracking stars used to navigate water for trade and conquest. Groups of stars are “constellations” Stars and the Sun became the "landmarks" used. used to organize the sky named for animals and gods Zodiac is Greek for “circle of animals”

7. The North Star – Polaris – is used for navigation. Polaris is due north LAND coordinates are called latitude and longitude. How high Polaris is in the sky (altitude) equals your latitude on the earth's surface. What do people in the Southern hemisphere use?

8. This is Winnipeg

9. Measuring Angles in the Skythe Sky

10. Astrolabe Instrument used to calculate the position of objects in the sky with high accuracy Perfected during Islamic Golden Age (800-1200s) Period of enormous growth in math, science and medicine Spread of the invention of paper allowed Islamic scholars to collect and translate the greatest collection of human knowledge in the world – held in a center called – HOUSE OF WISDOM

11. Vertical (up/down) angle is called altitude: altitudeazimuth Horizon – ground - 0° Zenith – directly above - 90° Horizontal (left/right) angle is called azimuth: (measured with a compass) North – azimuth of 0° South – azimuth of 180° A position in the SKY is given using altitude and azimuth as its “coordinates”

12. What is Up there? Stars: very large collection of matter that emits an intense amount of energy (light and heat). Planets: collection of matter that is generally spherical and revolves (orbits) around a star. Only five planets can be seen without the naked eye…Which ones? My Very Educated Master Just Showed Us Nine Planets Our solar system: A star (Sun) and all the objects orbiting it

13. FeaturePlanetStar Location Distance from Earth Real size Reason we see it Surface temperature Composition Look Motion over time Scientists estimate our solar system is 4.6 billions years old In the solar system Far beyond the solar system Fairly near Smaller than most stars Reflects light Cold or very cool Rocks and/or gases A constant light Very slowly wanders through constellations Very, very, very far Larger than planets Emits light Very hot Gases Twinkles / flickers Move only as part of a constellation

14. S1-4-03: Why were the position and motion of visible celestial objects important to past cultures? How can you measure the location of objects in the sky? CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? Vocabulary & Concepts ConstellationPolaris StarPlanet