1. Breaking Barriers: Teaching Resource Sharing in a Global Community Marsha Lakes Matyas, Ph.D. Director of Education Programs American Physiological Society Bethesda, Maryland, USA mmatyas@the-aps.org Presented at the 36 th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Kyoto, Japan, July 31, 2009

2. Barriers Identifying and cataloguing educational resources o Users must be able to find resources easily Establishing quality control of resources o Sometimes having more stuff is not “better”…it’s just “more” to dig through Communication and community building o Sharing more than just resources

3. Educational Resource Sharing Online journal access o Scientific research o Educational research and practice Internet facilitates wide distribution o The Internet Public Library (www.ipl.org) o The British Library (www.bl.uk) o Merlot and Merlot Africa (www.merlot.org) o Many others…

4. Establishing Quality Control Search engines o Offer access to wide number of topics and sites o Especially good for “hot topics” in the news o Hard to use for general topics o No peer review Google June 2007 – 1 trillion unique URLs Hot topic: “H1N1” – 14 million hits Health issue: “cardiovascular disease” – 10 million hits Specific sites: “IUPS” – 76,000 hits

5. Communication/Community Building Facebook (www.facebook.com) o February 2004: 4 Harvard students launch from their dormitory room. o December 2004: 1 million users. o April 2009: 200 million active users Second most-trafficked PHP site in the world 50+ language translations; 40 under development 70% of Facebook users are outside the United States.

7. Archive Resource Sharing Goal: Colleague-to-colleague sharing of educational materials Digital library, not a Web Site o Database driven o Standardized cataloguing of items Allows sharing with other digital libraries o Can be searched and browsed by 17 variables New look and Web 2.0 functions – January 2009 2,500+ free resources all education levels

8. Who contributes resources? Individuals: 25% of resources in the Archive have been contributed directly by users. Partner Societies: APS, Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS), Society for Developmental Biology (SDB), National Assn. for Health and Science Education Programs (NAHSEP) (K-12 materials), IUPS

9. User submitted materials (25%) Journal Materials: o Physiology in Medicine (PIM) o Physiology o Advances in Physiology Education o APS Classic Papers & Essays on Classics o Press releases for journal articles o HAPS Educator o The Physiologist Teaching/Career/Multimedia Resources: o FASEB Breakthroughs in Bioscience o HAPS Institute Teaching Resources o Life Lines Physiology Podcasts o Career Development Workshops o Physiology Refresher Courses o Education Workshops Educational journal articles Newsletters Teaching Strategies/guidelines Non-lab assignments Laboratory exercises Press releases Lesson plans PowerPoint files Images/photos Illustrations/diagrams Lectures/lecture outlines Reviews Datasets Simulations Animations Online tools Assessment tools Meeting presentations Memos Movies Podcasts/audio files Resource Types

10. Educational Level of Resources U.S. Educational level% of resources Elementary School (Ages 5-10)4% Middle School (Ages 11-13)15% High School (Ages 14-18)34% Undergraduate (BS/BA degrees)78% Graduate (MS/MA/Ph.D./Ed.D. degrees)65% Professional (MD, DDS, DVM, etc.)63%

11. Archive Quality Control Peer-reviewed for scientific accuracy and use of humans/animals in teaching Survey results: “Quality counts” 51% of items viewed are downloaded

12. Community Building A community of digital science ed. libraries o *Archive (www.apsarchive.org) o *BEN Portal to the Life Sciences (www.biosciednet.org) AAAS and 25+ life science scientific societies o National Science Digital Library (U.S.) (www.nsdl.org) * All materials at these sites are peer-reviewed for scientific accuracy. All three libraries have received U.S. National Science Foundation support.

13. Community Building Archive Users Nearly 6,000 registered users 2,300+ users per month Primarily higher education faculty 10-20% non-US users Numerous items have been submitted by IUPS members, as individual submissions or journal articles. Most resources are small- to medium- file sizes for easy downloading via narrow bandwidths.

14. Community Building “My Archive” o Rate, share, and save items in folders o Submit your own items for review and inclusion Author retains copyright Catalogued for use by specific communities o Medical physiology objectives APS/ACDP Medical Physiology Learning Objectives o K-12 educators U.S. National Science Education Standards (K-12) o Course Type “Show me what other faculty who teach the same course are using…Show me what they rate most highly.”

15. Community Building - Collaboration One click…Share items via email, Facebook, etc.

16. Future Collaboration Tools Active Links to Folders o Embed a folder of Archive resources in your… Faculty web page Course web page Create an Annotated Collection o Select items from the Archive o Annotate how you used them o Share the collection as an Archive resource

17. Invitation to Participate in the Archive Community Use the Archive o Search o Browse o Rate and comment Submit a Resource or Create a Collection Serve as a Reviewer Suggest a course type for user profiles

18. Acknowledgements APS Staff: Melinda E. Lowy, Amy Feuerstein Society Partners: HAPS, SDB, NAHSEP, IUPS Consultants: Chadwick Cipiti, Cindy Carapellucci APS members: Education Committee (Chairs Barbara Goodman, Robert Carroll, Thomas Pressley) and Archive reviewers Funding: The Archive is supported by the APS and grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF DUE 0532797 and 410646)

19. References This presentation (#3602) is available at http://www.apsarchive.org/my/submit1.cfm?submissionID=3602 or search “Matyas” at the APS Archive. http://www.apsarchive.org/my/submit1.cfm?submissionID=3602 Facebook Pressroom Statistics (http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics) Accessed 22 July 2009. Google Timeline (http://www.google.com/corporate/timeline/#start) Accessed 22 July 2009.