1. Welcome to : Writing Argument Mr.Williams ELA 8GA & 8GB

2. Learning Goals 1.What Is It? 2.Examples 3.Getting Started 4.Research 1.What Is It? 2.Examples 3.Getting Started 4.Research

3. What is an argumentative essay? Is like a persuasive essay Should present pros and cons of the issue Should contain an argument Should contain evidence or support for the issue (facts, statistics, anecdotal evidence) Should concern a manageable topic

4. Examples of Argumentative Topics Beans are a better source of protein than beef. Animal testing should be illegal Graphic video games make kids aggressive and/or violent Mac is a better operating system than Windows

5. Argument as Critical Thinking Argument is not simply a dispute, as when people disagree with one another or yell at each other. Argument is about making a case in support of a claim in everyday affairs – in science, in policy making, in courtrooms, and so forth.

6. Purposes of Argument … Communication theorists describe an invitational argument, the kind that aims not to defeat another person or group but to invite others to enter a space of mutual regard and exploration.

7. Persuasive Writing vs. Argument… “‘In persuasive essay, you can select the most favorable evidence, appeal to emotions, and use style to persuade your readers. Your single purpose is to be convincing.” Argument, on the other hand, is mainly about logical appeals and involves claims, evidence, warrants, backing, and rebuttals.”

8. They Say … I Say Moves that matter in Academic Writing Begins As a Result This Practice Not with an act of assertion, but an act of listening, of putting ourselves in the shoes of those who think differently from us. We advise writers to begin not with what they themselves think about their subject (“I say”) but with what others think (“They say”) Adds urgency to writing, helping it become more authentically motivated.

9. Elements of Argument Qualifications and rebuttals refute competing claims A claim Based on evidence A warrant explains how evidence supports the claim Backing supports the warrants Argument

10. Getting Started Picking a topic: Something of interest to you Something interesting Something controversial Something argumentative

11. Getting Started cont’d Getting organized Outlining your paper Creating a keyword list Getting research

12. General Outline of a Paper Introduction Thesis statement Argument-evidence paragraph 1 Argument-evidence paragraph 2 Argument-evidence paragraph 3 Summary of Argument Conclusion

13. Example Outline Thesis Beans are a more healthy source of protein than beef. Beans are fat-free.(Or, you can point out that beef is not fat-free) Beans are low-sodium. (Or, you can point out that beef is not low-sodium) Beans are cholesterol-free. (Or, you can point out that beef is not cholesterol-free) Conclusion Based on the facts that they are fat-free, low-sodium, and cholesterol free, beans are definitely a more healthy source of protein than beef.

14. Research Evidence for argumentative essays can be objective like facts, statistics, and case studies. Objective evidence will require research you can use sources like books, articles, websites, and even people!

15. Research Articles in magazines, newspapers, and journals can be found using the Library's databases. Books can be found using the Library's online catalog. Good websites can be found using search engines like Google and Ask.

16. Keywords Regardless of where you seek resources books, articles, or websites the best way to search for resources is keyword searching Keywords represent the most important parts of your thesis statement or argument Before you start searching, develop a list of keywords from your argument

17. Keywords Example Thesis Beans are a more healthy source of protein than beef. Beans ? Legumes, Healthy, health, Protein, Beef red meat, Cholesterol. You will combine them together using AND! Remember you aren't limited to the actual words from the thesis use related words or alternate ideas! Also, look to your arguments for keywords, too those are key ideas!