1. Demography Study of Human Populations. Birth rates Death rates Age Males/Females

2. POPULATION STRUCTURE The population pyramid displays the age and sex structure of a country or given area Population in Five Year Age bands Usually, but not always, In % to make for easier comparisons between countries OLD DEPENDANTS ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE YOUNG DEPENDANTS FEMALES To the right MALES To the left

3. What Population Pyramids Show Us KEY slope of pyramid indicate the death rate width of the base is related to birth rate/fertility rate proportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrations height of graph can indicate life expectancy (ignore the very thin end of the wedge as occurs on graph B as these people are a definite minority) "kinks" indicate dramatic reductions in birth rate or increases in death rate in the past area of graph indicates total population - compare areas of different population age groups or different sex on one graph The overall shape of the population pyramid can indicate whether it is an Economically More Developed Country or Economically Less Developed Country Economically More Developed Country Economically Less Developed Country

4. Population Pyramids related to the Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4 Both birth rates and Death rates are High, so population growth rates are slow but population Is usually restored Due to high birth Rate. Short life Expectancy EXAMPLES Scotland before 1760 New Guinea Remote parts of Amazonia Population starts to grow at an exponential rate due to fall in Crude Death Rate. More living In middle age. Life expectancy rises Infant mortality rate falls. EXAMPLES Scotland 1760 - 1830 Republic of Congo Population continues to grow but at slower rate. Low C Death Rate. Dramatically declining Crude Birth Rate. EXAMPLES Scotland 1870 -1950 Algeria, Tunisia Morocco IMPLICATIONS Low Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate Higher dependancy ratio and longer life expectancy Crude Death Rate does Rise slightly because of The ageing population EXAMPLES Scotland today. Japan, USA There is some merit in including or considering a Stage 5 today with a declining population

5. Population pyramid of a less developed nation Population Pyramid of Nigeria (1995)

6. Importance of Population Pyramids A BROAD BASE POPULATION PYRAMID MEANS: increase food production build more homes & schools plan for more job opportunities for the young in future implement birth control programme/campaigns Usually agricultural with problems of overpopulation. Many Dependents

7. Population pyramid of a developed nation Population Pyramid of Sweden (1995)

8. Importance of Population Pyramids A NARROW BASED POPULATION PYRAMID MEANS: Birth rate and Death rate low Work out incentives to encourage more births hiring foreign labour proper medical services & health care for the aged