1. The Rise of Nationalism Unit 6: 1800s

2. Legacy of the French Revolution French Revolution inspired the masses to create governments based on the people (nation) rather than monarchs. – Nation: a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. The Congress of Vienna kept the powerful monarchs in power. – Revolutions were discouraged, and severely punished

3. Liberals versus Conservatives Liberals believe in the right of the people or nation to rule. Conservatives believe in the more traditional rule of the monarchs.

4. 1848 Revolutions Causes – Food shortages due to the failure of potato crops – Liberals disgruntled with the Conservative Congress of Vienna.

5. No Revolutions in… United Kingdom (Britain) – Expanded political rights through parliament – Slavery illegal Russia

6. Initially successful New gov’ts appeared all over Europe, led by liberal thinkers. They did not last long because… – Failure to satisfy the demands of all the classes. – Competing national interests. – No experience holding elections.

7. Results of 1848 Revolutions Conservatives win back the governments. Even in the successful French Revolution, the people elected Louis Napoleon to be President. – He then declares himself Emperor Napoleon III Austria becomes the Austro-Hungarian Empire. http://wn.com/hungarian_revolution_of_184 8 http://wn.com/hungarian_revolution_of_184 8

8. Unification of Italy and Germany (background info., not on test) 1848 Revolutions scared Conservatives and made them realize they needed the support of liberals. – Especially if conservatives wanted to unite different states into one country.

9. Italy - Risorgimento Only one military power in Italy – Sardinia King Victor Emmanuel II – Advisor Count Cavour gets French help to secure the north. – Giuseppe Garibaldi invades the 2 Sicilies to include the south (liberal) – Rome (Papal States) is the last to join.

10. Germany - Realpolitik 2 competing military powers (Austria and Prussia). Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia has a plan. – 1. Create a crisis with France, and rally the German states to fight with Prussia. Appeal to fellow Germans (nationalism) - liberals. Franco-Prussian War leads to German Unification.

11. Realpolitik Part 2 2.Get Austria out of the way. – Picked a fight over minor territory; King objected. – Austro-Prussian War – Crushed Austria in 7 weeks. – Needle gun – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaQarXh2vZU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaQarXh2vZU

12. Realpolitik Do anything to achieve and hold power. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm8qjdE KW4I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm8qjdE KW4I

13. Anarchists Liberals disillusioned by compromises with Conservatives. – Some turn to Anarchy. Age of Assassinations 1880s to 1920s.