1. Methods of training Lesson objective To understand different methods of training To understand different organisational structures

2. Task Organise yourselves into 3 groups Each group is going to be given a type of training. You then need to create a presentation that could be given to the rest of the class including; – A definition of your training method – including ways in which it could happen – The advantages and disadvantages of your method – Reasons for carrying out your method of training – Information about the costs of your training method – Examples of when your method would be used – Any other information you feel is relevant – You can include videos/images etc… to make it interesting, you could even set the rest of the class a task to do – you are after all the teacher for this task! Your presentation must be no longer than 10 minutes long and all members of the group must participate – there will be a prize for the best one!

3. Benefits of training Although its expensive a number of people will benefit from training PersonBenefit ManagersWorkers will be more motivated and satisfied – makes them more co- operative to work with. Workers will be better at their job = easier to manage. Providing training may improve company image, making it easier to recruit and retain staff OwnersProductivity could go up as workers will be more efficient = lower costs = competitive edge = increased profits EmployeesAble to do their jobs more effectively. Makes them more satisfied = better morale = less likely to leave as they feel valued. Enables them to develop skills which will help them get a promotion and/or better job CustomersCustomers will receive better quality products as less mistakes. Improved customer service due to better quality staff

4. Every organisation with more than one person needs a structure so that workers have clearly defined roles and are clear about the roles of others An organisation’s structure is often presented as an organisational chart which will show how management is organised vertically with layers of hierarchy and horizontally by function, product or division Organisational structure

5. An organisational chart shows the positions and responsibilities of the people within the business The chart will make clear who is responsible for what, who is responsible to who and who to go to with problems and queries There are three main types of organisational structure: tall hierarchical, flat hierarchical and matrix. Organisational structure

6. Organisational structures You have been given a list of clues Using these clues, you need to construct the hierarchy diagram for the business I will give you paper to draw the hierarchy on

7. The structure that you have just drawn is an example of a hierarchy organisational structure How many layers does it have? Is it a tall or a flat hierarchy? Write your own definition for the following key terms; – Tall hierarchy – Flat hierarchy Hierarchical Structure

8. Hierarchy This is a system in a business where employees are ranked due to their status and authority Traditionally those at the top of the hierarchy are more important than those at the bottom Employees during their career will seek to move up the hierarchy to improve their salary and working conditions

9. Job roles Directors Managers Team leaders Supervisors Professionals Operatives General staff Organise these into a hierarchy diagram and explain in detail what each job role is What would someone in that position be responsible for?

10. Job roles DirectorsmanagersTeam leaderssupervisorsprofessionalsOperativesGeneral staffGeneral StaffOperativesGeneral StaffSupervisorsProfessionalsOperativesGeneral StaffManagersTeam LeadersSupervisorsProfessionalsOperativesManagersTeam LeadersSupervisorsProfessionalsOperativesGeneral StaffSupervisorsProfessionalsOperativesGeneral StaffOperativesProfessionalsOperativesGeneral StaffProfessionals Directors – these are people who are paid to run the business on behalf of the owners. They will make the overall decisions about the direction of the business. Some companies will have a board of directors, others will have a Director in charge of each functional area

11. Chain of Command This is the way that information flows through the organisation – chain of command shows power and authority through the organisation Those at the top have more power and authority and as a result are able to delegate tasks to subordinates below them – Think about SLT in school

12. Chain of command Also shows how information flows from the top of the hierarchy to the bottom – if a change to the businesses day-to-day operations happen, this will come from the top down Complaints however work from the bottom up and only get escalated further up the hierarchy if they cannot be solved

13. Span of control This shows who is in charge of who – E.g. In our diagram from the starter activity, we can see that Les Allen has a span of control of 2. This is because there are 2 people directly below him in the hierarchy The people a person directly controls are known as subordinates Span of control can be narrow (few staff) or wide

14. Advantages and disadvantages of narrow span of control Advantages Disadvantages Complete this table – you have 5 minutes

15. Authority and responsibility Authority A person with authority has the right to carry out a particular task or duty Authority is matched to ability/job title – E.g. it would make no sense asking an office worker to pay company debts if she didn’t have the authority to use the business cheque book Employees lower down the hierarchy have less authority, although it can be delegated to them from a manager – in this case the manager would retail responsibility Responsibility Someone with responsibility is accountable for the work of others This involves being required to justify an action – E.g. managers responsible for a department may be asked to justify poor performance to the Directors – E.g. HR department are responsible for hiring workers – they would be asked to explain why someone couldn’t do their job, if they had hired them

16. Centralisation Vs Decentralisation This refers to the extent to which authority is delegated A centralised structure is one where decision making and power remain at the top In a decentralised structure decision-making power is delegated to workers lower down to the customers Businesses can use a combination of both – e.g. schools major decisions made by SLT (centralised), decisions about resources made by staff (decentralised) The structure iscentralised Decisions made at the top … restricting autonomy for local managers … but giving consistency to customers Decentralised Decisions made locally, closer to customers … giving local managers more responsibility … probably making them (and staff) more motivated

17. Centralisation Midlands branch Scotland branch Head Quarters all Admin here All major decisions are made at head office. All recruitment is done here, all accounts are made here - all decisions about product lines, sales, stock etc. are made here London branch South Coast branch Wales branch Branches follow direction from Head office. They receive all Deliveries of stock bought by Head office buying department Only small branch level decisions Such as rotas and stock merchandising Can be made Less delegation as top HQ management will Make decisions

18. Decentralisation Divisions operate without a Headquarters Europe division holds own budget makes Europe decisions Africa division, holds own budget and makes decisions about African operations Authority and power are given to the divisions to make decisions that affect that division Important when working In countries with different cultures Quicker decisions can be made as they do not have to go through a central office for approval. Important in dynamic markets such as fashion.

19. 3 main structures Tall hierarchy Flat hierarchy Matrix Over half term I want you to conduct some independent research into these You need to create a fact sheet that clearly shows what each structure is and the types of businesses that use them and why. Include real life examples if possible This needs to be detailed and written in your own words! DO NOT JUST COPY AND PASTE FROM THE INTERNET!

20. Create a guide for Next Years class Summarising what you have learnt today