IFC Firestop Training Achim Herring. Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping Cim.pennnant.com.

IFC Firestop Training Achim Herring

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping Cim.pennnant.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Module 1 Objectives Discuss damage caused by products of combustion in fire Discuss damage caused by products of combustion in fire Discuss how products of combustion can be contained Discuss how products of combustion can be contained Discuss the types of compartmentation and how they work Discuss the types of compartmentation and how they work Discuss what firestopping is and why it’s important Discuss what firestopping is and why it’s important

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire and Fire Protection

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Nature of Fire Heat Oxygen Fuel

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Products of Combustion Smoke Hot gases Soot Radiant heat energy

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire Protection Detection Control/Suppression Containment

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Compartmentation

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Importance of Compartmentation What % of fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation? What % of fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation?75% What % of people killed in fires are NOT in the room where the fire started? What % of people killed in fires are NOT in the room where the fire started? About 57% About 57% How fast does smoke travel? How fast does smoke travel? 120-429 feet/minute

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org The MGM Grand Fire

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Compartmentation Fire wallsFire floors FW = Fire Rated Wall FF = Fire Rated Floor FW FF

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire-Rated Walls Fire walls (2-4 hour rated) Fire walls (2-4 hour rated) Fire barriers (1/2 – 1 hour rated) Fire barriers (1/2 – 1 hour rated) Smoke barriers (1/2 – 1 hour rated; also limit spread of smoke) Smoke barriers (1/2 – 1 hour rated; also limit spread of smoke) Fire partitions (1/2 – 1 hour rated) Fire partitions (1/2 – 1 hour rated) Smoke partitions (no fire rating) Smoke partitions (no fire rating)

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire Walls Must be structurally independent Must be structurally independent Wall must run continuously from foundation to roof Wall must run continuously from foundation to roof Construction on either side of the fire wall considered to be a separate building Construction on either side of the fire wall considered to be a separate building

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire Barriers Do not need to be structurally independent Do not need to be structurally independent Must run continuously from slab to slab (floor to underside of floor above) Must run continuously from slab to slab (floor to underside of floor above) Can be a wall or a floor Can be a wall or a floor Used for: Used for: –Shaft walls –Separating different occupancies –Separating a single occupancy into different fire areas –Telecom switching in high-rises Computersiteengineering.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Smoke Barriers Fire barriers that also restrict smoke spread Fire barriers that also restrict smoke spread Used to subdivide each floor into two or more smoke compartments Used to subdivide each floor into two or more smoke compartments Mandated by code in jails and hospitals Mandated by code in jails and hospitals

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire Partitions May end at underside of fire-resistance rated floor-ceiling assembly May end at underside of fire-resistance rated floor-ceiling assembly Used for walls separating: Used for walls separating: –Dwelling units (e.g., condos, apartments) –Guestrooms (e.g., hotels) –Tenants in malls

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Curtain Walls Exterior walls attached to building structure Exterior walls attached to building structure Do not carry building floor or roof loads Do not carry building floor or roof loads Often contain in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone Often contain in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone www.kestan.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fire-Rated Floors Provide collapse- resistance Provide collapse- resistance Separate different occupancies on adjacent floors Separate different occupancies on adjacent floors www.robbins.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org ??? If a building has sprinklers, is compartmentation still needed? If a building has sprinklers, is compartmentation still needed? YES!

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Areas that Permit Fire Spread Unsealed/Open Joints Unsealed Cable Penetrations Unsealed Pipe Penetrations/Ducts Doors/Windows

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestopping

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What is Firestopping? “A process whereby certain materials, some of them specifically manufactured, are used to resist (or stop) the spread of fire and its byproducts through joints and openings made to accommodate penetrations in fire-rated walls, floors, and floor/ceiling assemblies.” “A process whereby certain materials, some of them specifically manufactured, are used to resist (or stop) the spread of fire and its byproducts through joints and openings made to accommodate penetrations in fire-rated walls, floors, and floor/ceiling assemblies.”

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org How Do Firestop Products Work? Filling the voids around penetrations Filling the voids around penetrations Firestoplogistics.com Cim.pennnant.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org History of Firestopping

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org History of Firestopping, continued

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org History of Fire Codes

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org ASTM E119 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials (also UL 263 and NFPA 251) Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials (also UL 263 and NFPA 251) Determines fire resistance of walls, floors, roofs, beams, and columns Determines fire resistance of walls, floors, roofs, beams, and columns To be qualified: To be qualified: –No flame can pass to the unexposed side of the assembly –Temperatures on the unexposed surface side of the assembly cannot exceed 250F above ambient –No water can pass to the unexposed side of the assembly

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org ASTM E814 Standard Method of Fire Tests of Through- Penetration of Fire Stops (also UL 1479) Standard Method of Fire Tests of Through- Penetration of Fire Stops (also UL 1479) Tests firestop systems that penetrate an ASTM E119 fire-rated wall, floor, or roof assembly Tests firestop systems that penetrate an ASTM E119 fire-rated wall, floor, or roof assembly Uses same time-temperature curve as E119 Uses same time-temperature curve as E119 Assigns F and T ratings to a firestop system Assigns F and T ratings to a firestop system –F rating: Time firestop assembly prevented passage of flame through firestop assembly –T rating: Time firestop assembly remains below 325F

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Other Tests Governing Firestopping Requirements ASTM E84: Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials ASTM E84: Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials UL 723: Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials UL 723: Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials UL 2079: Fire resistance of building joint systems (Steiner Tunnel Test) UL 2079: Fire resistance of building joint systems (Steiner Tunnel Test)

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org National Codes NEC Section 300-21 NEC Section 300-21 NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code), Chapter 6, Appendix A-6 NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code), Chapter 6, Appendix A-6 NFPA 70 (National Electric Code), Chapters 3, 7, and 8 NFPA 70 (National Electric Code), Chapters 3, 7, and 8

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Regional Building Codes ICC (International Code Council), Chapter 7 ICC (International Code Council), Chapter 7 SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International), Chapter 7 SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International), Chapter 7 BOCA (Building Officials and Code Administrators International), Chapter 7 BOCA (Building Officials and Code Administrators International), Chapter 7

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestopping Seals a through-penetration, membrane penetration, or joint in a fire-resistive assembly Seals a through-penetration, membrane penetration, or joint in a fire-resistive assembly Prevents fire from spreading from one side of the assembly through to the opposite side Prevents fire from spreading from one side of the assembly through to the opposite side Tested combination of specific elements (“a system”) to stop fire and hot gases for a prescribed period of time Tested combination of specific elements (“a system”) to stop fire and hot gases for a prescribed period of time

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Fireblocking Materials installed within small concealed spaces of combustible construction to resist or block the migration of fire and hot gases within that concealed space for an undetermined period of time. Materials installed within small concealed spaces of combustible construction to resist or block the migration of fire and hot gases within that concealed space for an undetermined period of time. Examples: Used to subdivide or block off the stud cavity inside a wall, in a soffit over cabinets, between stair stringers at the top and bottom of a run, in an exterior cornice, or in the space between the combustible finish materials and the wall itself. Examples: Used to subdivide or block off the stud cavity inside a wall, in a soffit over cabinets, between stair stringers at the top and bottom of a run, in an exterior cornice, or in the space between the combustible finish materials and the wall itself.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Draftstopping Subdivides large inaccessible spaces of combustible construction, such as floor assembly voids, attics, and crawl spaces Subdivides large inaccessible spaces of combustible construction, such as floor assembly voids, attics, and crawl spaces Uses lumber or wood structural panels, gypsum board, cement fiberboard, or particleboard. Uses lumber or wood structural panels, gypsum board, cement fiberboard, or particleboard.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Is It? Wood structural panel Wood structural panel Subdivides attic Subdivides attic 1997 UBC Handbook

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Is It? Concealed spaceConcealed space Combustible constructionCombustible construction 2000 International Building Code Commentary, Vol. 1

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Is It? www.insulation.org Seals a penetration in a fire-resistive assembly

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Assignments Go to http://www.firestop.org/ Go to http://www.firestop.org/ttp://www.firestop.org/ Read: Read: – –Publications:   Saving Lives Through Passive Fire Protection

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Summary What is compartmentation? How does it work? What is compartmentation? How does it work? What are some examples of compartments? What are some examples of compartments? How can compartments be compromised? How can compartments be compromised? What is firestopping? What is firestopping? Why is firestopping important? Why is firestopping important? Where is firestopping used? Where is firestopping used?

Module 2: Where & Why Firestopping is Required

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Module 2 Objectives Identify where firestopping is required Identify where firestopping is required Identify code requirements for firestopping penetrations and joints Identify code requirements for firestopping penetrations and joints

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Why is Firestopping Required? To compartmentalize and prevent the spread of flame and smoke through a structure during a fire

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Code Requirements

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org ASTM E814 Firestop Ratings F: Length of time firestop system withstands the passage of fire (ASTM E814, UL1479, ASTM E2307) F: Length of time firestop system withstands the passage of fire (ASTM E814, UL1479, ASTM E2307) T: Length of time temperature on non-fire side of fire-rated assembly does not exceed 325 F (ASTM E814, UL1479, ASTM E2307) T: Length of time temperature on non-fire side of fire-rated assembly does not exceed 325 F (ASTM E814, UL1479, ASTM E2307) L: Quantity of air leakage through the installed firestop at both ambient and elevated (“warm smoke”) temperature (UL 1479) L: Quantity of air leakage through the installed firestop at both ambient and elevated (“warm smoke”) temperature (UL 1479) W: Measure of effectiveness of firestop system’s ability to restrict flow of water (UL 1479) W: Measure of effectiveness of firestop system’s ability to restrict flow of water (UL 1479)

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Areas that Permit Fire Spread Unsealed/Open Joints Unsealed Cable Penetrations Unsealed Pipe Penetrations/Ducts Doors/Windows

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Through Penetrations Wall assembly http://www.connectek.net/images/photos/logical/images/110path3_jpg.jpg

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC 2003 Code—Penetrations Penetrations through the following shall comply with IBC 2003 Section 712: Penetrations through the following shall comply with IBC 2003 Section 712: –705.9: Fire walls –706.7: Fire barriers –707.8: Shaft enclosures –708.7: Fire partitions –709.6: Smoke barriers –710.5: Horizontal assemblies

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC Section 712 Highlights 712.3.3 - Penetrations of fire resistance rated walls by ducts and air transfer openings that are not protected by fire dampers shall comply with section 712. 712.3.3 - Penetrations of fire resistance rated walls by ducts and air transfer openings that are not protected by fire dampers shall comply with section 712. 712.3.4 Dissimilar material - Noncombustible penetrating items shall not connect to combustible items beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be demonstrated that the fire resistance integrity of the wall is maintained. 712.3.4 Dissimilar material - Noncombustible penetrating items shall not connect to combustible items beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be demonstrated that the fire resistance integrity of the wall is maintained.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC Code Requirements for Through Penetrations Must be protected by approved penetration firestop system Must be protected by approved penetration firestop system Wall penetrations: F rating not less than the required fire resistance rating of the wall penetrated Wall penetrations: F rating not less than the required fire resistance rating of the wall penetrated Floor penetrations: F rating and T rating not less than 1 hour or the required rating of the floor penetrated Floor penetrations: F rating and T rating not less than 1 hour or the required rating of the floor penetrated –Exception: T-rating not required for penetrants concealed within a wall

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Exceptions to Need for E814 Testing Where penetrating items are steel, ferrous, or copper pipes or steel conduits, the annular space shall be permitted to be protected as follows: Where penetrating items are steel, ferrous, or copper pipes or steel conduits, the annular space shall be permitted to be protected as follows: 1) In concrete or masonry walls, or in single concrete floor, where the penetrating item is max 6” nominal diameter and the opening is max 144 sq.in., concrete, grout, mortar shall be permitted when installed the full thickness of the wall or the thickness required to maintain the fire rating 2) Or, the material used to fill the annular space shall prevent the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to ASTM E119 fire conditions under a min. positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch column water for the time period equivalent to the fire rating of the construction penetrated. This is often the solution used to overcome the floor T-rating requirement This is often the solution used to overcome the floor T-rating requirement Pipes that are “cemented in” can be problematic if expansion or contraction occur Pipes that are “cemented in” can be problematic if expansion or contraction occur

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Test Your Understanding 1. If the wall penetrated has a fire resistance rating of 2 hours, what is the required firestop F rating? 2. If the floor penetrated has a fire resistance rating of 2 hours, what are the required firestop F and T ratings? 3. If the floor penetrated has a fire resistance rating of ½ hour, what are the required firestop F and T ratings?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Membrane Penetrations Hollow wall assembly www.ank.tec.mn.us

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC 712 Requirements— Membrane Penetrations 712.3.2 …recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the required fire resistance will not be reduced. 712.3.2 …recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the required fire resistance will not be reduced. Membrane penetrations are firestopped the same as through penetrations Membrane penetrations are firestopped the same as through penetrations

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Exceptions to IBC 712 Requirements 1. Steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square inches in area provided that the total area of such openings does not exceed 100 square inches for any 100 sq ft of wall area. Outlet boxes on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated as follows: –1.1 By a horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches –1.2 (fill the wall with cellulose or mineral fiber insulation) –1.3 By solid fireblocking in accordance with 716.2.1 –1.4 By protecting both outlet boxes by listed putty pads; or –1.5 By other listed materials and methods

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Exceptions to IBC 712 Requirements, cont’d 2. Membrane penetrations for listed electrical outlet boxes of any material are permitted provided such boxes have been tested for use in fire-resistance rated assemblies and are installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing. 3. The annular space created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler provided it is covered by a metal escutcheon plate.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Test Your Understanding If plumbing fixtures penetrates one side of a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1 hour: If plumbing fixtures penetrates one side of a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1 hour: 1. Must the penetration be firestopped? 2. What is the required firestop F rating?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Test Your Understanding, cont’d If you have a 12-inch square steel electrical box penetrating a wall: 1. Must the penetration be firestopped? 2. What is the required firestop F rating?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Blank Openings Wall assembly Blank opening

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Code Requirements for Blank Openings Not explicitly addressed in any building code Not explicitly addressed in any building code –IBC 703.2 general statement: “Where materials, systems or devices that have not been tested as part of a fire-resistance rated assembly are incorporated into the assembly, sufficient data shall be made available to the building official to show that the required fire-resistance rating is not reduced”. Reinstate integrity of wall by: Reinstate integrity of wall by: –Filling hole in wall with same material as wall, with joint made as per requirements for the listed wall assembly –Installing a tested/listed fire-rated door or window in the opening –Installing a firestop system tested/listed for blank openings

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestopped Blank Openings

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Construction Joints

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Types of Construction Joints Wall to wall (expansion joint) Wall to wall (expansion joint) Floor to floor (expansion joint) Floor to floor (expansion joint) Floor to wall (shaft construction) Floor to wall (shaft construction) Wall to floor (head of wall) Wall to floor (head of wall) Bottom of wall Bottom of wall

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC 2003 Requirements—Joints Joints made in or between the following shall comply with Section 712: Joints made in or between the following shall comply with Section 712: –705.10: Fire walls –706.8: Fire barriers –707.9: Shaft enclosures –708.8: Fire partitions –709.7: Smoke barriers –710.6: Horizontal assemblies

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Code Requirements for Construction Joints Must be protected by an approved fire-resistant joint system tested in accordance with UL 2079 or ASTM E1966 Must be protected by an approved fire-resistant joint system tested in accordance with UL 2079 or ASTM E1966 Firestopped joint must have same fire resistance as the assembly in which it is installed Firestopped joint must have same fire resistance as the assembly in which it is installed A tested and listed joint system cannot be obtained for the junction between a rated wall and an unrated roof A tested and listed joint system cannot be obtained for the junction between a rated wall and an unrated roof

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Test Your Understanding 1. A 1-hour rated firestop system is being installed in a wall-to-wall joint. The walls are rated for 2 hours. Is this acceptable according to code requirements? 2. What is the rating of a joint in a 1-hour rated wall extending up to an unrated roof? 3. Fire-resistant joint systems must be tested in accordance with what testing standard?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Code Requirements for Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems Voids created at the intersection of exterior curtain wall assemblies and fire- resistance rated floor assemblies must be sealed with an approved material or system. Voids created at the intersection of exterior curtain wall assemblies and fire- resistance rated floor assemblies must be sealed with an approved material or system. The fire resistance rating of the firestop must be at least equal to the fire resistance rating of the floor assembly. The fire resistance rating of the firestop must be at least equal to the fire resistance rating of the floor assembly.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org ISMA-ASTM E2307

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Duct Enclosure Systems

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IBC 2003 Code – Duct and Air Transfer Openings Sect. 716: Sect. 716: –Ducts and air transfer openings without dampers shall comply with Section 712 –Hazardous Exhaust Ducts shall comply with the International Mechanical Code

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IMC 2003 Code - Duct Enclosure Requirements 506.3.10 Grease Duct Enclosures – ducts s erving Type 1 grease hoods that penetrate a fire rated floor/ceiling shall be enclosed from the point of penetration to the outlet terminal 506.3.10 Grease Duct Enclosures – ducts s erving Type 1 grease hoods that penetrate a fire rated floor/ceiling shall be enclosed from the point of penetration to the outlet terminal –Shaft construction per IBC  18” clearance to combustible enclosure  6” clearance to gypsum shaft enclosure

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org IMC 2003 Code - Duct Enclosure Requirements 506.3.10 Shaft Enclosure Exception: 506.3.10 Shaft Enclosure Exception: –Penetration openings firestopped per ASTM E814 with “F” and “T” Ratings equal to assembly penetrated –Duct covered on all sides with a Classified or Labeled fire rated grease duct enclosure system –Tested per a “nationally recognized” standard for duct enclosure materials

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Duct Enclosure System Backing Material: Un-faced Flexible Wrap Blanket Scrap or 3 pcf Mineral Wool Flexible Duct InsulationFire Stop Sealant

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Duct Enclosure Testing ASTM E 2336 – Standard for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems (formerly ICCES AC101) ASTM E 2336 – Standard for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems (formerly ICCES AC101) UL 1978 – Standard for Grease Ducts UL 1978 – Standard for Grease Ducts UL 263 (ASTM E119) Engulfment Test and ISO 6944–1985 Standard for Fire Resistive Ventilation Ducts UL 263 (ASTM E119) Engulfment Test and ISO 6944–1985 Standard for Fire Resistive Ventilation Ducts UL 1479 (ASTM E814) Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through- Penetration Firestops UL 1479 (ASTM E814) Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through- Penetration Firestops

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Test Your Understanding If a grease duct penetrates a fire-rated floor/ceiling assembly: If a grease duct penetrates a fire-rated floor/ceiling assembly: 1. Must the duct penetration be firestopped? 2. What methods can be used to enclose the duct? 3. What is the required fire resistance rating of the firestop system and duct enclosure?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org How Must the Penetration be Protected? http://www.radhaz.com/images/power-cables.jpg

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org How Must the Penetration be Protected?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org How Must the Joint be Protected? http://www.firestoplogistics.com/images/ejointspray_lg.jpg

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Conclusion Code requirements for firestopping are very simple: If you have a rated floor or wall, you MUST seal joints and through-penetrations in that floor or wall.

Module 3: How Firestopping Works Cim.pennnant.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Module 3 Objectives Discuss types of firestops Discuss types of firestops Describe how each type of firestop works Describe how each type of firestop works Describe advantages and disadvantages of each type of firestop product Describe advantages and disadvantages of each type of firestop product Describe appropriate applications for each type of firestop product Describe appropriate applications for each type of firestop product

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Types of Firestops http://cableorganizer.com/images/ IFC_JOINts Intumescent Non-Intumescent

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Intumescent Firestops Swell or expand with heat to close gaps or voids in through-penetration openings Swell or expand with heat to close gaps or voids in through-penetration openings Contain sodium silicate, graphite or another type of intumescing agent Contain sodium silicate, graphite or another type of intumescing agent Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Examples of Intumescent Firestops Caulks (sealants) Caulks (sealants) Wraps strips Wraps strips Putty and putty pads Putty and putty pads Firestop devices Firestop devices Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Composite boards/sheets Composite boards/sheets

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Intumescent Caulks and Sealants Latex, latex endothermic, and/or solvent-based materials mixed with sodium silicate, graphite, or other intumescing agents. Expand up to 2-5 times their original state Used for insulated and non-insulated metal pipes, small plastic pipes, glass piping, construction joints, cable bundles, small to medium-sized penetrations, cable trays, busways, and sheet metal ducts Sweets.construction.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Advantages of Intumescent Caulks and Sealants Many tested systems from which to choose Can accommodate penetrant or joint movement (minimal) Expand from 2-5 times their original volume Capable of sealing most insulated pipe assemblies Listed systems for a wide variety of penetrants Provide a smoke seal

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Disadvantages of Intumescent Caulks and Sealants Limited exterior applications Materials must be protected from continuous exposure to freeze-thaw cycle Sealant may not expand properly if subjected to repeated freezing Not as flexibile as silicone non-intumescent based products May not perform as tested if installed against surfaces with a temperature as low as 120F

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Wrap Strips Used for combustible (non- metallic) pipes Applied in layers around penetrating item Expand from 10-25X their original volume Available in sizes from 1-2” wide x 2-40’ long, 1/8-1/4” thickness Normally used with a smoke- sealing caulk http://www.insulation.org/ Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Wrap Strips Advantages: Good for situations in which annular space is larger than anticipated Many tested system options Often used for insulated pipes—crushes insulation tightly to provide solid firestop Easy to install into Tuck-In systems Good for situations in which access to bottom of slab is limited Disadvantages: Temperature limitations Usually contain no adhesive Problems when annular space is too small or too large

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Electrical Box Insert Potential new product type Potential new product type Typically made of wrap strip-type material Typically made of wrap strip-type material Used: Used: –To protect electrical outlet boxes in wall assemblies where the distance between opposing electrical boxes is less than required by code –For retrofit jobs where access is not available to back side of electrical box Easy install, with self-adhesive back Easy install, with self-adhesive back

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Putty and Putty Pads Used to seal cables, small pipe penetrations, and electric boxes Available in sticks, pads, or blocks http://www.firestoplogistics.com www.rectorseal.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Putty and Putty Pads Advantages: Eliminate need for caulk gun installation Useful for tight areas Products are removable and re-usable Disadvantages: Limited testing Minimal movement characteristics Difficult to install when material is cold

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestop Devices Retaining Collars (Wrap Strips) Retaining Collars (Wrap Strips) Pre-manufactured Firestop Straps & Devices Pre-manufactured Firestop Straps & Devices Pre-molded Electrical Firestop Devices Pre-molded Electrical Firestop Devices Cast-in Firestop Devices Cast-in Firestop Devices

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Retaining Collars Direct/control intumescent action of firestop sealant/wrap strip to where it is needed secured to the pipe with a steel band and then fastened to the underside of the opening with approved fasteners. Interior of collar filled with required layers of wrap strip or intumescent sealant; collar is then secured to the pipe with a steel band and then fastened to the underside of the opening with approved fasteners. Must have sufficient clearance around the pipe being sealed and the surface the collar will be attached to. http://www.firestoplogistics.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Retaining Collars Advantages: Solution for plastic pipe when there is little or no annular space Solution for plastic pipe when there is little or no annular spaceDisadvantages: Cannot be installed when an elbow or Y coupling is too close to the wall Cannot be installed when an elbow or Y coupling is too close to the wall Limitations regarding how close a collar can be to plastic pipe fittings Limitations regarding how close a collar can be to plastic pipe fittings Has to be installed on bottom of floor Has to be installed on bottom of floor Increased labor when used with gypsum walls and ceilings Increased labor when used with gypsum walls and ceilings

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Retaining Collars Recommendations: Take care to properly measure the amount of firestop material to enable a proper firestop closure Take care to properly measure the amount of firestop material to enable a proper firestop closure Ensure the annular space does not exceed the listing requirements Ensure the annular space does not exceed the listing requirements Watch that the proper amount of space is left between the floor or wall and any pipe fitting to allow for the firestop system. Watch that the proper amount of space is left between the floor or wall and any pipe fitting to allow for the firestop system.

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-manufactured Firestop Straps & Devices Factory pre-assembled wrap strips, putties, or intumescent extrusions installed in steel collars Sized to fit standard plastic pipe sizes Banding, fastening strips, or friction fitting teeth attach collar around penetrant Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-manufactured Firestop Straps & Devices Advantages: Easy application Easy application Speedy installation Speedy installation Listed in systems for plastic pipes up to 14 inches in diameter Listed in systems for plastic pipes up to 14 inches in diameterDisadvantages: May not be able to be installed in available clearances May not be able to be installed in available clearances Pre-sized devices may not fit around odd-sized pipes or couplings, elbows or Y connections Pre-sized devices may not fit around odd-sized pipes or couplings, elbows or Y connections Fasteners may be difficult to install Fasteners may be difficult to install Royal

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-manufactured Firestop Straps & Devices Recommendations: Ensure listed clearance is available for proper installation Ensure listed clearance is available for proper installation Take care to properly match the firestop device with plastic pipe diameter Take care to properly match the firestop device with plastic pipe diameter Tremstop

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-Molded Intumescent Electrical Firestop Devices Designed to encapsulate cables Designed to encapsulate cables Consist of steel frames with multiple intumescent inserts sized to accommodate cable diameters Consist of steel frames with multiple intumescent inserts sized to accommodate cable diameters Inserts anchored by steel bolts and plates Inserts anchored by steel bolts and plates www.insulation.org

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Advantages: High degree of vandal resistance High degree of vandal resistance Good resistance to movement Good resistance to movementDisadvantages: High cost of installation High cost of installation Penetration quantity and diameter must be determined prior to installation Penetration quantity and diameter must be determined prior to installation Low “in-service” temperature limitations Low “in-service” temperature limitations Pre-Molded Intumescent Electrical Firestop Devices

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Cast-in-Place Firestop Device

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Cast-in-Place Firestop Device Advantages: Quick and simple installation Quick and simple installation Integrated water and smoke seal Integrated water and smoke seal One-step device for a variety of pipe materials and diameters One-step device for a variety of pipe materials and diametersDisadvantages: Not for use in walls Not for use in walls Pre-sized devices may not meet penetrant diameters Pre-sized devices may not meet penetrant diameters

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Intumescent Pillows and Bags Plastic or cloth pillows or bags consisting of unexpanded vermiculite or mineral wool with intumescent material or wire mesh. Compressed and stuffed into openings Used limited access or rapidly changing openings http://cableorganizer.com Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Intumescent Pillows and Bags Advantages: Easy to insert and remove Easy to insert and remove Burn cleanly in a fire Burn cleanly in a fire Can be installed at any temperature Can be installed at any temperature Relatively low cost Relatively low cost Product is removable and re-usable Product is removable and re-usable May be used for multiple mixed penetrants in large openings May be used for multiple mixed penetrants in large openingsDisadvantages: Possible vandalism damage to seal Possible vandalism damage to seal Floor applications difficult to install Floor applications difficult to install Typically do not provide a smoke seal Typically do not provide a smoke seal Top pillow may be difficult to install in walls Top pillow may be difficult to install in walls Must be below “in-service” temperature limits Must be below “in-service” temperature limits Must calculate compression rate Must calculate compression rate Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Recommendations for Intumescent Pillows and Bags Do not use in areas exposed to vandalism Do not use in areas exposed to vandalism Plan opening to ensure proper pillow “fit” Plan opening to ensure proper pillow “fit” Observe “in-service” temperature limits Observe “in-service” temperature limits Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Foam Blocks For large openings with multiple penetrations Used for cables, cable trays, insulated and non-insulated metal pipes, small plastic pipes http://www.firestoplogistics.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Foam Blocks Advantages: Ease of use when access is difficult Ease of use when access is difficult Can be stacked easily Can be stacked easily Can be cut to fit around penetrants Can be cut to fit around penetrants Friction fitted into opening Friction fitted into opening Product is removable and re-usable Product is removable and re-usableDisadvantages: Can be installed in the wrong direction Can be installed in the wrong direction The area between the penetrants and the blocks must be filled with a sealant The area between the penetrants and the blocks must be filled with a sealant

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Composite Sheets Light gauge sheet metal laminated to sheets of intumescent material Attached to a wall or floor surface Sealed using sealants, wrap strips, and/or putties Can be joined together to cover large areas Designed for large openings http://cableorganizer.com/

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Composite Sheets Advantages: Ability to span large openings Tested and listed firestop system for multiple penetrating items through the same opening Provide high fire ratings Not temperature-sensitive during installation Applicable to walls and floors Disadvantages: Require good carpentry skills Relatively expensive products www.stifirestop.com/

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-Manufactured or Field Fitted Adjustable Intumescent Cable & Conduit Firestop Devices Used for cables and small conduits with or without cable trays. Used for cables and small conduits with or without cable trays. Steel channels enclose removable lightweight insulated cross members and an indexing intumescent channel for quick enlargement of opening Steel channels enclose removable lightweight insulated cross members and an indexing intumescent channel for quick enlargement of opening www.royalquickstop.com/

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-Manufactured or Field Fitted Adjustable Intumescent Electrical Firestop Devices Advantages: Expand with cable needs Expand with cable needs Segmentable between cable and blank sections Segmentable between cable and blank sections Rapid installation of new penetrants Rapid installation of new penetrants Does not require depth measurement of firestop materials Does not require depth measurement of firestop materials Applicable to walls and floors Highly resistant to damage Highly resistant to damage For cables & small conduits with or without cable trays For cables & small conduits with or without cable trays Foam Smoke Seal on Gypsum or Concrete Removable Cross Members Cables With or Without Cable Tray Indexing Firestop www.royalquickstop.com/

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Non-Intumescent Firestops Act as passive void fillers Act as passive void fillers Used for joints and dampers Used for joints and dampers For non-combustible penetrants and construction For non-combustible penetrants and construction www/.geocities.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Examples of Non-Intumescent Firestops Latex-based sealants Latex-based sealants Silicone-based sealants Silicone-based sealants Firestop mortar Firestop mortar Foams Foams Boards Boards Joint sprays Joint sprays Insulating blankets Insulating blankets http://www.hilti.co.uk

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Latex-Based Sealants For through penetrations, and joint firestop systems For through penetrations, and joint firestop systems Often used with mineral wool Often used with mineral wool Less expensive than intumescent sealants Less expensive than intumescent sealants Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Latex-Based Sealants Advantages: Low-cost and easy to apply Low-cost and easy to apply Many tested systems available Many tested systems available Movement limitations up to 25% Movement limitations up to 25% Can usually be painted over Can usually be painted over Easily cleaned up with water before fully cured Easily cleaned up with water before fully cured Self-leveling and gun grade consistencies available Self-leveling and gun grade consistencies availableDisadvantages: Washout if exposed to water before curing Washout if exposed to water before curing Limited movement capabilities Limited movement capabilities Not recommended for exterior use Not recommended for exterior use Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Silicone-Based Sealants Highly elastomeric Highly elastomeric Best suited for applications where penetrants move or vibrate Best suited for applications where penetrants move or vibrate Good for elevated or cold temperatures Good for elevated or cold temperatures Used for: Used for: –Through penetrations –Top-of-wall joints –Large joints –Expansion joints in floors and walls Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Silicone-Based Sealants Advantages: Extremely durable Extremely durable Good chemical heat resistance Good chemical heat resistance Available in gun grade and self-sealing Available in gun grade and self-sealing UV and weather-resistant UV and weather-resistantDisadvantages: Unpaintable Unpaintable Difficult to tool Difficult to tool Solvents required for clean-up Solvents required for clean-up Can be used for non-combustibles only Can be used for non-combustibles only Not good on wood Not good on wood http://www.apidistribution.com

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestop Mortar Consists of perlite, gypsum-metallic or vermiculite concrete cementitious materials Used for large and small blanks, and openings with multiple penetrants Damming material needed for support www.firestem.co.uk Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Firestop Mortar Advantages: Choice of many tested systems Low material cost Can be used for large opening sizes Ability to pour materials Disadvantages: May be chemically incompatible with copper piping Rigidity limits penetrant movement Difficulty adding new penetrating items Sensitivity to ambient temperature Freezing or improper mix ratio may cause problems

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Silicone Foam 2-part mixtures put into 1” lifts in an opening As foam cures, it increases from 1” to 3” and seals around small areas During fire, foam produces ablative char Used for cable, cable trays, noncombustible pipes, and small to medium openings

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Silicone Foam Silicone Foam Advantages: Tested systems for large openings Abiliity to “flow” around penetrating items Repenetrability Good moisture resistance Disadvantages: Lack of testing with plastic piping Applicator learning curve Installation temperature sensitivity Packing and damming can leak Can stain areas below floor area

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Polyurethane Foam http://www.firestoplogistics.com Consists of a coaxial cartridge filled with two-component polyurethane-based foam Consists of a coaxial cartridge filled with two-component polyurethane-based foam Triggering dispenser causes components to mix and react, causing product to expand 7-fold Triggering dispenser causes components to mix and react, causing product to expand 7-fold Used to seal small to medium-sized openings with multiple penetrating items, including cables, cable trays, and noncombustible, combustible, and insulated pipes Used to seal small to medium-sized openings with multiple penetrating items, including cables, cable trays, and noncombustible, combustible, and insulated pipes

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Polyurethane Foam http://www.firestoplogistics.comAdvantages: Cures within 60 seconds Cures within 60 seconds Up to 6 times expansion Up to 6 times expansion Repenetrable Repenetrable Reusable ReusableDisadvantages: May require formwork May require formwork Product may cure within mixer Product may cure within mixer

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Polyurethane Board Polyurethane foam material Polyurethane foam material Easy to cut without electric tools Easy to cut without electric tools Attached to walls/floors similar to composite sheets Attached to walls/floors similar to composite sheets Used with noncombustible and insulated pipes, cable trays, and cables Used with noncombustible and insulated pipes, cable trays, and cables

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Polyurethane Board Advantages: Ability to span large openings Ability to span large openings Tested and listed systems Tested and listed systems Lightweight (can be cut with box knife) Lightweight (can be cut with box knife) Applicable to walls and floors Applicable to walls and floors Disadvantage: Non-intumescent

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Joint Sprays Used for construction joints where maximum movement is required Allow a high rate of production Some systems only require 1/16” application Often used with mineral wool or ceramic fiber packing IFC_JOINts

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Joint Sprays Advantages: Speed of application Flexibility to accommodate movement Variety of installation methods Disadvantages: Must obtain a spray pump Pump maintenance and cleanup Temperature limitations Thickness quality control problems Need to train personnel IFC_JOINts

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Insulating Blankets and Rated Ducts Used for fire-rated grease, pressurization, and ventilation ducts Used for fire-rated grease, pressurization, and ventilation ducts Alternate to fire-rated shaft Alternate to fire-rated shaft Provide 1 or 2-hour fire protection Provide 1 or 2-hour fire protection Used with firestop systems at fire-rated wall and floor penetrations Used with firestop systems at fire-rated wall and floor penetrations

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Insulating Blankets and Rated Ducts Advantages: Saves building space and installation labor Saves building space and installation labor Zero clearance to combustibles Zero clearance to combustibles Blankets are easy to handle/fit complex shapes Blankets are easy to handle/fit complex shapes Blanket covering provides barrier from grease, moisture absorption Blanket covering provides barrier from grease, moisture absorptionDisadvantages: Additional protection may be required where blankets are exposed to mechanical abuse Additional protection may be required where blankets are exposed to mechanical abuse Additional insulation may be required with rated duct systems Additional insulation may be required with rated duct systems

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Forming/Packing Materials Seal pipe holes, joints, and openings Seal pipe holes, joints, and openings May help achieve the fire rating of the assembly May help achieve the fire rating of the assembly Control the depth of the sealant Control the depth of the sealant Common forming/packing materials: Common forming/packing materials: –Mineral wool –Ceramic fiber –Fiberglass insulation –Foam backer rods –Urethane foams

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-Manufactured Top-of-Wall Systems Combine a metal track with strips of drywall attached Combine a metal track with strips of drywall attached Allows movement or slippage at the top of the wall Allows movement or slippage at the top of the wall Tested assemblies up to 4 hours in duration Tested assemblies up to 4 hours in duration www.geocities.com Grace Construction

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Pre-Manufactured Top-of-Wall Systems Advantages: Relatively fast installation Relatively fast installation Ability to install firestop system at the same time as rest of wall Ability to install firestop system at the same time as rest of wall Use common fireproofing materials to obtain high fire ratings Use common fireproofing materials to obtain high fire ratingsDisadvantages: May require additional sealant at slip joint and perimeter May require additional sealant at slip joint and perimeter May require firestopping contractor to supervise project when walls are being constructed May require firestopping contractor to supervise project when walls are being constructed

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Group 1 Group 2 Insulated & non-insulated metal pipes Small to medium penetrations Plastic pipes Large penetrations Combustible pipes Multiple penetrations Non-combustible pipes Electrical outlet boxes Cables/cable bundles Blank openings Cable trays Joints High traffic openings

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Penetration Type Recommended Firestop(s) Insulated & non-insulated metal pipes Caulks/sealants Caulks/sealants Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Plastic pipes Caulks/sealants Caulks/sealants Wrap strips and collars Wrap strips and collars Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Combustible pipes Wrap strips and collars Wrap strips and collars Non-combustible pipes Putty sticks Putty sticks Cables/cable bundles Caulks/sealants Caulks/sealants Putty sticks Putty sticks Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Pre-molded electrical firestop devices Pre-molded electrical firestop devices Cable trays Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Penetration Type Recommended Firestop(s) Small to medium penetrations Caulks/sealants Caulks/sealants Foam Foam Large penetrations Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Composite sheets Composite sheets Multiple penetrations Pillows and blocks Pillows and blocks Electrical outlet boxes Putty pads Putty pads Blank openings Putty sticks Putty sticks Composite board Composite board Joints Caulks/sealants Caulks/sealants High traffic openings Putty Putty Pillows Pillows

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Would You Recommend? http://pubs.acs.org/cen/images/8108/8108notw4.pipes.JPG

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Would You Recommend? http://www.csulb.edu/divisions/af/tiu/intro/explanation/images/ladderrack1.jpg

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org What Would You Recommend?

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org Summary Types of firestops Types of firestops How each type of firestop works How each type of firestop works Advantages and disadvantages of each firestop product, as well as usage recommendations Advantages and disadvantages of each firestop product, as well as usage recommendations Appropriate applications for each firestop product Appropriate applications for each firestop product royalquickstop

Module 1: Introduction to Firestopping www.firestop.org About the IFC IFC promotes the technology of fire containment in modern building construction through: – –Research – –Education – –Development of safety standards and code provisions Website - www.firestop.org Email - Info@firestop.org

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