1. Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program Forests, Parks & Recreation Agriculture, Food & Markets Photo by James E. Appleby, University of Illinois Presented by: Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS

2. Killed tens of millions of ash trees already. New forest openings provide prime habitat for invasive plants. Ash is a commodity wood product. Important part of the northeast ecosystem. Healthy ash trees are susceptible. Current infestations of concern: eastern NY and Quebec, Canada.

3. Green Ash Black Ash White Ash Seeds

4. Detection Timeline: 2002-Detroit, Michigan 2003-Ohio 2004-Northern Indiana 2006-Northern Illinois and Maryland 2007- Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia 2008-Wisconsin, Missouri and Virginia 2009-Minnesota, New York and Kentucky 2010-Iowa and eastern NY 2011-West Point and Selkirk, NY **Canada has also reported that EAB has been detected in Ontario and Quebec catalog.kohavt.org

5. EAB adults are relatively strong fliers Small and difficult to detect early Human facilitated movement of the pest ˃ Ash tree nursery stock ˃ Infested ash logs or firewood *Shipments of ash nursery trees and ash logs with bark are now regulated, and transporting firewood outside of the quarantined areas is illegal, but transport of infested firewood remains a problem.

7. 1. Lay eggs shortly after emergence (May-August). 2. Eggs are light yellow color, oval-shaped. Laid individually on bark surface or in bark crevices on trunks or branches. 3. 30-60 eggs during lifetime. 4. Hatch in 7 to 10 days.

8. Larvae bore through bark to feed on phloem and cambium. Larvae form S-shaped tunnels that are flat and wide and packed with frass. Mature larvae ~1” long, creamy white, flat and broad-shaped body with bell shaped segments. Overwinter under bark.

9. Larvae enter the pupal stage in spring. Remain under bark as they pupate. Adults emerge from the tree once pupation is complete.

10. Adults emerge from tree through D- shaped exit holes (May throughout summer). Live about 20 days. Bright metallic green with rounded bellies and flat backs (bullet shaped). ~1/2” in length and about 1/16 th ” wide.

11. Six-spotted tiger beetle Ground dwelling beetle White spots on back edge of wing covers Two-lined chestnut borer Bronze –black with two distinct lines down each wing cover Found on oak species

12. Congratulations! You have now completed Module 3B. Please return to the First Detector Resource webpage at www.vtinvasives.org www.vtinvasives.org and complete the Module 3B Quiz. Rhonda Mace Rhonda.j.mace@aphis.usda.gov 802-828-4546