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The History of the Two-Party Political System in the U.S. By Mark J. Brestle Brigantine North School
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Political Debate Prior to 1787 Federalists vs. Antifederalists Antifederalists- were fearful of a strong central government (similar to a monarchy), favored states rights- wanted to amend the Articles of Confederation Federalists- felt the country needed a strong central government including an army and navy- supported the new Constitution- James Madison
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Federalists vs. Democratic- Republicans 1792-1816 Federalists Alexander Hamilton Rule by the “best people” Powerful central government Pro-British supporting business Democ.-Republicans Thomas Jefferson Rule by informed masses Weak central gov., favored states rights Pro-France agriculture preferred
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Era of “Good Feelings” 1816-1830 Only one political party- Democratic-Republicans Dem.-Republicans absorb many of the Federalists policies Wide-spread feeling of Nationalism (strong feeling of pride in one’s country) after the War of 1812
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Rise of Jacksonian Democracy Begins in 1824 - Led by Andrew Jackson 1791 Vermont is the 1st state to allow voting rights for all white males By 1824 most states allow universal white male suffrage- voting right Common man becomes involved in government and politics Evolves into present day Democratic Party
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Policies of Early Democratic Party Jackson adopts the spoils system - rewarding supporters with public office Common man votes and holds public office Against a powerful central government - favors states’ rights Against a central bank and high tariff that would help and protect American business
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The Birth of the Whigs- 1836 Whig party is formed basically from those opposed to Andrew Jackson Including: Henry Clay and John Calhoun, northern industrialists, southern states’ rights supporters, National Bank supporters Whig Presidents include: William H. Harrison (1840) and Zachary Taylor (1848) both former war heroes
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Roots of the Republican Party-1854 Starts in the Mid-West as a reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854-a law that allows for slavery in the Western Territories Against slavery Includes: unhappy Whigs, Democrats and Free-Soilers and other foes of slavery 1st Republican President – Abraham Lincoln (1860) Strengthens during Civil War, Dems. secede
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Policies of the Modern Republican Party Favors big business Lower taxes especially to rich to foster investment Fewer government services and support Strong defense
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Modern Day Democratic Party Favors common people Believes that government should provide necessary services and support (paid for by taxes) Pro-labor
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Election 2012- Democratic Candidate- Barak Obama United States President from 2008 to present U.S. Senator from Illinois: 2004 – 2008 Illinois State Senator: 1997-2004 Worked as lawyer - Chicago law firm of Miner, Barnhill & Galland
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Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, August 4, 1961 Early education in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Hawaii Graduated in 1983 from Columbia University, New York Studied law at Harvard University Election 2012- Democratic Candidate- Barak Obama
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Election 2012 Republican Candidate – Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney was born in Detroit, Michigan on March 12, 1947 His father was chairman and CEO of American Motors and Governor of Michigan. Graduated from BYU in 1971 and Harvard Law in 1975
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Election 2012 Republican Candidate – Mitt Romney In 1984, he co-founded and led the company Bain Capital, a private equity investment firmBain Capitalprivate equity His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million Elected Governor of Massachusetts in 2002
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Encourage Your Parents to Vote
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Issues- RomneyIssues Issues - ObamaIssues Video- Romney-Rep Nat Convention Video -Romney Video- Obama-Dem Nat. Convention Video Obama Video- Propaganda Map Election 2008
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Republican Candidate President- John McCain US Senator from Arizona: 1986 – present First elected to the U.S. House of Rep. from Arizona in 1982
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Served in US Navy- 22 years Prisoner of war in ‘Hanoi Hilton’, Vietnam 1967 -1973 Graduated U. S. Naval Academy1958 Born on August 29, 1936, in the Panama Canal Zone 2008 Republican Candidate President- John McCain
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2004 Republican Candidate President George W. Bush President of US- 2001-? Texas Air National Guard 1968-1973 Age: 58 Religion: Methodist
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2004 Democratic Candidate- Senator John Kerry Yale University U.S. Navy 1966-1970 Organized protests against Vietnam War 1970-72 Religion: Roman Catholic Age: 60
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Election 2000- Democratic Candidate- Al Gore 1992-Present Vice- President of the U.S 1984 elected U.S. Senate from Tenn. Harvard Univ. 52 years old Son of longtime Senator Al Gore Sr.
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Election 2004 -Republican Candidate - George W. Bush Governor of Texas CEO of Gas & Oil Co. Partner in Texas Rangers (baseball) Attended Yale Univ. Son of former President George H. Bush
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2004 Democratic Candidate- Senator John Kerry U.S. Senator from Massachusetts ~ 1985 to present Lt. Governor of Mass. from 1983-1985 Assistant district attorney – Middlesex County, Mass. from 1976-79
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