Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byKristian Craig Modified over 8 years ago
1
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy KEY CONCEPT Female and male reproductive organs fully develop during puberty.
2
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The female reproductive system produces ova. There are two main functions of the female reproductive system. –produce ova, or egg cells –provide a place where a zygote develops uterus cervix rectum vagina urethra urinary bladder pubic bone ovary fallopian tube
3
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Estrogen has three main functions. –develop female sexual characteristics –develop eggs –prepare uterus for pregnancy
4
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The male reproductive system produces sperm. There are two main functions of the male reproductive system. –produce sperm cells –deliver sperm to the female reproductive system urinary bladder vas deferens pubic bone prostate gland penis urethra testis scrotum epididymis bulbourethral gland rectum seminal vesicle
5
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Testosterone has two main functions. –developing male sexual characteristics –producing sperm
6
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy KEY CONCEPT Human reproductive processes depend on cycles of hormones.
7
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Eggs mature and are released according to hormonal cycles. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) regulate egg production. –meiosis produces eggs and polar bodies –each egg has 23 chromosomes –meiosis is completed at fertilization potential egg first polar body second polar body ovum (egg) Meiosis I Completed Meiosis II Completed only after sperm enters
8
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy FSH, LH, and estrogen stimulate the release of eggs. –follicle ruptures at ovulation –egg travels into fallopian tube –ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum fallopian tube egg cell egg released corpus luteum uterine wall ovary follicle uterus 5 to 7 days to uterus
9
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Eggs mature and are released according to hormonal cycles. The menstrual cycle has three phases. –flow phase: endometrium sheds –follicular phase: ovulation occurs –luteal phase: corpus luteum forms
10
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The menstrual cycle stops at menopause. –cycle continues until a woman’s mid-40’s or 50’s –decline in hormone levels make cycles irregular –eventually, cycle stops altogether
11
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Sperm production in the testes is controlled by hormones. Testosterone, FSH, and LH stimulate sperm production. –one sex cell divides into four sperm –each sperm has 23 chromosomes potential sperm 4 sperm cells Meiosis I Meiosis II
12
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy acrosome head midpiece tail mitochondria nucleus with 23 chromosomes Sperm cells fully mature in the epididymis. –head contains acrosome –midpiece contains ATP –tail allows mobility
13
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell joins an egg cell. Sperm penetrates an egg. –membrane keeps out other sperm –nucleus of sperm joins with egg –zygote formed
14
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Multiple zygotes can result from fertilization. –identical twins from the same egg –fraternal twins from two separate eggs Infertility makes reproduction difficult or impossible.
15
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Sexually transmitted diseases affect fertility and overall health. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are passed from one person to another during sexual contact. –bacterial STDs include chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea –viral STDs include hepatitis B, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, and HIV HIV
16
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy Viral STDs can be treated, but there is no cure for these diseases. STDs attack reproductive organs. –can cause infertility –untreated, some can be fatal STDs can be avoided by abstinence or by using a condom. A parasite causes trichomoniasis, which can affect fertility. Bacterial STDs can be treated, and in many cases, cured with antibiotics
17
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy KEY CONCEPT Development progresses in stages from zygote to fetus.
18
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The fertilized egg implants into the uterus and is nourished by the placenta and umbilical cord. –ectoderm develops into skin and nervous system The zygote becomes a blastocyst and implants in the uterus. –mesoderm develops into Internal tissues and organs –endoderm develops into digestive organs and their lining blastocyst uterine wall Implantation of blastocyst
19
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy placenta umbilical cord uterus amniotic sac The blastocyst becomes an embryo. Embryonic membranes protect and nourish the embryo. –amniotic sac cushions embryo. –placenta connects mother and embryo. –umbilical cord connects embryo to placenta.
20
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy A zygote develops into a fully formed fetus in about 38 weeks. Human pregnancies are divided into trimesters. –1st trimester: body plan and early development
21
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy –2nd trimester: fetus more active, developed
22
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy –3rd trimester: all organs fully formed After about 38 weeks, fetus is ready to be born.
23
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The mother affects the fetus, and pregnancy affects the mother. The fetus depends on the mother for all its nutrition. –mother's diet must support fetal health –mother must avoid toxic chemicals
24
34.1 Reproductive Anatomy The mother’s health is affected by pregnancy in a number of ways. –increase in Calories and body weight –pregnancy hormones affecting homeostasis –regular medical checkups needed
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.