1. Judicial Branch SOL CE.10a, b, c, d

2. Jurisdiction: the authority of a court to hear a case & administer the law Original: the first court to hear a case Appellate: to review a case from a lower court

3. Due Process: the fair application of the law 5th Amendment: federal govt. guarantee due process 14th Amendment: state & local govt. guarantee of due process

4. Civil Cases: disagreements b/t two parties Procedure for Civil Cases:

5. Steps in a Criminal Case: 1. Arrest: person taken into police custody (probable cause-police believe a crime committed) 2. Booking: fingerprints & evidence stored 3. Preliminary hearing: bail is set (minor cases judge decides guilt or innocence) 4. Indictment: formal charges Criminal Cases: person accused of breaking the law

6. 5. Arraignment: probable cause reviewed, a plea of guilty or not guilty by defendant 6. Trial: procedure where evidence presented & guilt/innocence determined 7. Verdict: jury decides guilt or innocence 8. Sentencing: accused receives their punishment

7. U.S. Court of Appeals U.S. Supreme Court U.S. District Court (trial by jury) Federal Courts

8. Virginia Courts Virginia Supreme Court Court of Appeals of VA. Circuit Court (trial by jury) General District Court Juvenile & Domestic Relations

9. Judicial Review: the courts power to determine if laws are constitutional Marbury v. Madison: Supreme Court Case that established principle of judicial review Supreme Law of the Land: CONSTITUTION

10. Magistrates: judges in lower courts such as General District Court in Virginia