1. Aim: How did FDR try to end the Depression?

2. Election of 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt (Dem.) won by a landslide by promising: – “New Deal” for the forgotten man – Historians usually described the New Deal as the Three R’s Relief, Recovery and Reform

3. The Hundred Days (March to June 1933) Roosevelt called a special session of Congress and asked for emergency powers to deal with the Depression. He ordered the closing of al banks (a Bank Holiday) to prevent further bankruptcies.

4. Congress Enacted… (Every suggestion that Roosevelt sent to them) Emergency Banking Act – Inspection of all banks by the Treasury Dept. Banks there were found to be “sound” were re-opened. Federal Emergency Relief Act – Gave money to the states to provide direct relief to the poor. Agricultural Adjustment Act – Paid farmers to grow less and to destroy crops already grown. Food processors were taxed to pay the farmers. Civilian Conservation Corps – Created jobs in conservation camps for young men between the ages of 18 and 25 in order to create jobs.

5. Congress Enacted…(con’t) Public Works Administration – Began a program of public works (bridges, highways, etc.) in order to create jobs. National Industrial Recovery Act – Suspended anti-trust laws to encourage cooperation among businesses. Each industry was told to write a code of fair practices that covered wages, prices and materials. Section 7A of the law guaranteed unions the right to bargain collectively with employers. Banking Act – Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. to insure bank deposit. Tennessee Valley Authority – Provided economic planning for the Tennessee Valley area resulting in jobs, flood control, cheap electricity and soil conservation.

6. Additional Legislation (1934) (after the first hundred days) National Labor Relations Board – Handled complaints from workers who had been fired or harassed for membership in a union. Securities Exchange Act – Created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock market. Wheeler-Howard Act – Reversed the policy of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, by returning Indian lands to tribal ownership.

7. Opposition to the New Deal By 1936, the Supreme Court had ruled seven out of nine New Deal Programs unconstitutional. Schechter v. US (1935) “Sick Chicken Case” – The Court ruled that the Schechter Poultry Co. could not be fined by the NIRA for selling diseased because the law was unconstitutional. US v. Butler (1935) – The Court ruled against the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it discriminated against food processors by taxing them alone, and represented unlawful government interference with private property.

8. DBQ Analyze the responses of FDR’s administration to the problems of the Great Depression. How effective were these responses? How did they change the role of the federal government?