1. What parts make up a a story?
Literary Elements
What parts make up a a story?

2. Elements of a Literary work
Setting
Characters
Plot
Action
Theme
Resolution
Denouement

3. Setting Time and place are where the action occurs
Details that describe:
Furniture
Scenery
Customs
Transportation
Clothing
Dialects
Weather
Time of day
Time of year

4. Elements of a Setting

5. The Functions of a Setting.
To create a mood or atmosphere
To show a reader a different way of life
To make action seem more real
To be the source of conflict or struggle
To symbolize an idea
Taken from “The Day the Sun Came Out” by D. Johnson

6. Types of Characters People or animals Major characters
Minor characters
Round characters
Flat characters

7. Characterization
A writer reveals what a character is like and how the character changes throughout the story.
Two primary methods of characterization:
Direct- writer tells what the character is like
Indirect- writer shows what a character is like by describing what the character looks like, by telling what the character says and does, and by what other characters say about and do in response to the character.

8. Elements of Character

9. Factors in Analyzing Characters
Physical appearance of character
Personality
Background/personal history
Motivation
Relationships
Conflict
Does character change?

10. Plot
Plot is what happens and how it happens in a narrative. A narrative is any work that tells a story, such as a short story, a novel, a drama, or a narrative poem.

11. Parts of Action in the Conflict of the Plot
Exposition or Inciting incident – events that gives rise to conflict (opening situation)and introduce the situation
Rising action or Development- events that occur as result of central conflict
Climax- highest point of interest or suspense of story
Falling action: when complications start to be solved
Resolution- {or the end}when the conflict ends

12. Diagram of Plot Climax Falling action Development/ Rising Action
The end
Exposition
Inciting incident/ Opening situation

13. Special Techniques of Plot
Suspense- excitement or tension
Foreshadowing- hint or clue about what will happen in story
Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of events to tell about something that happened in the past
Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does not expect

14. Conflict Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces
Every plot must contain some kind of conflict
Stories can have more than one conflict
Conflicts can be external or internal
External conflict- outside force may be person, group, animal, nature, or a nonhuman obstacle
Internal conflict- takes place in a character’s mind

15. Theme
A central message, concern, or insight into life expressed through a literary work
Can be expressed by one or two sentence statement about human beings or about life
May be stated directly or implied
Interpretation uncovers the theme

16. Example of Theme
“This is the function of a storyteller”
Spencer Holst

17. Can you find these elements in the coming short story?

18. Spencer Holst: The Zebra Storyteller

19. Once upon a time there was a Siamese cat who pretended to be a lion and spoke inappropriate Zebraic. That language is whinnied by the race of striped horses in Africa. Here now: An innocent zebra is walking in a jungle, and approaching from another direction is the little cat; they meet.

20. “Hello there. ” says the Siamese cat in perfectly pronounced Zebraic
“Hello there!” says the Siamese cat in perfectly pronounced Zebraic. “It certainly is a pleasant day, isn’t it? The sun is shining, the birds are singing, isn’t the world a lovely place to live today!” The zebra is so astonished at hearing a Siamese cat speaking like a zebra, why, he’s just fit to be tied.

21. The Zebra storyteller:Continued
So the little cat quickly ties him up, kills him, and drags the better parts of the carcass back to his den. 
The cat successfully hunted zebras many months in this manner, dining on filet mignon of zebra every night, and from the better hides he made bow neckties and wide belts after the fashionof the decadent princes of the Old Siamese court.
He began boasting to his friends he was a lion, and he gave them as proof the fact that he hunted zebras.

22. The Zebra storyteller:Continued
The delicate noses of the zebras told them there was really no lion in the neighborhood. The zebra deaths caused many to avoid the region. Superstitious, they decided the woods were haunted by the ghost of a lion

23. The Zebra storyteller:Continued
One day the storyteller of the zebras was ambling, and through his mind ran plots for stories to amuse the other zebras, when suddenly his eyes brightened, and he said, “That’s it! I’ll tell a story about a Siamese cat who learns to speak our language! What an idea! That’ll make ’em laugh!”

24. The Zebra storyteller:Continued
Just then the Siamese cat appeared before him, and said, “Hello there! Pleasant day today, isn’t it!”
The zebra storyteller wasn’t fit to be tied at hearing a cat speaking his language, because he’d been thinking about that very thing.

25. The Zebra storyteller:Continued
He took a good look at the cat, and he didn’t know why, but there was something about his looks he didn’t like, so he kicked him with a hoof and killed him
That is the function of the storyteller