1. Power and Energy Consumption: State and National Perspective Created for: Illinois Math & Science Partnerships Energy Workshop 7/8/2013

2. Overview Power vs. Energy Power and Energy of typical generators in IL Illinois electricity profile U.S. energy profile U.S. electricity profile Why should we be concerned?

3. What is “Power”? Power is the rate at which energy is produced, consumed, or transferred Measured in Watts, kiloWatts, Horsepower, or btu/hr (we can convert from one to another) For example: – A 100 Watt incandescent light bulb consumes 100 Watts of power – A 26 Watt CFL bulbs consumes only 26 Watts of power while producing about the same amount of light – A Chevy Corvette produces 430 horsepower – A natural gas furnace produces about 60,000 btu/hr

4. What is “Energy”? Energy is the ability of a system to do work Measured in Watt-hours, kiloWatt-hours, Joules, btu, calories, or foot-pounds force (we can convert from one to another) If power is constant, then Energy = Power x time For example: – A 100 Watt incandescent light bulb operated for 10 hours consumes 1,000 Watt-hrs (1 kWh) of energy – A 26 Watt CFL bulb operated for 10 hours consumes only 260 Watt-hrs (0.260 kWh) of energy – The average home uses about 800 kWh of electricity per month – A Chevy Corvette burns 1,326,900 btu of gasoline as it drives from St. Louis, MO to Chicago, IL

5. Power vs. Energy Energy is the “stuff” Power is the rate at which the “stuff” is produced, consumed or transferred Energy = Power x time – Similar to: distance = speed x time substitute energy for distance, and power for speed

6. How much power does a generator produce? Typical for Illinois: – Rooftop solar system: 2-10 kW (0.002-0.01 MW) – Utility solar farm: 10-20 MW – Wind farm: 50-240 MW – Natural gas plant: 50-300 MW (typically 100-200) – Coal plant: 15-893 MW (typically 150-400 MW) – Nuclear reactor: 900-1200 MW

7. How much energy does a generator produce per year? Typical for Illinois: – Rooftop solar system: 3,000-15,000 kWh (3-15 MWh) – Utility solar farm: 15,000-30,000 MWh – Wind farm: 130,000-700,000 MWh – Natural gas plant: 43,000-270,000 MWh – Coal plant: 85,000-5,000,000 MWh – Nuclear reactor: 6,000,000-8,400,000 MWh

8. Illinois Electricity Generation, by type Source: U.S. EIA State Energy Profile

9. Illinois Electricity Generators Source: U.S. EIA State Energy Profile

10. Illinois Electric Transmission Lines Higher Voltage transmission lines can carry more power with less electrical loss

11. U.S. Electric Transmission Lines Higher Voltage transmission lines can carry more power with less electrical loss

12. U.S. Primary Energy Flow Source: U.S. EIA

13. U.S. Energy Consumption, by source Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

14. U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, by source Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

15. U.S. Electricity Generation in 2010

16. U.S. Electricity Generation, by source Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

17. U.S. Oil Consumption Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

18. U.S. Oil Extraction Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

19. U.S. Oil Imports and Exports Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

20. U.S. Coal Extraction Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

21. U.S. Natural Gas Extraction Source: U.S. EIA Energy Perspectives 2011

22. Emissions due to Illinois Electricity Generation, by type Source: U.S. EIA State Energy Profile

23. The Earth’s Heat Balance

24. Atmospheric CO 2 concentration The Keeling curve Update: In May 2013, the weekly average CO 2 concentration reached 400 ppm (for the first time in 3 million years)

25. Global Mean Temperature Deviation Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

26. Global September sea ice area Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

27. Global precipitation change, 2090-2099 vs. 1980-1999 Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)