1. Daily Science Journal – Read about Pig Manure Read the article and write a minimum of five sentence summary answering the following questions…… What are the risks of excessive antibiotic use in pigs? How did they find out about the excessive amounts of antibiotics in pig manure? How are the Chinese combating this issue (in regards to the manure)

2. ENZYMES

3. Enzymes Function: speed up the rate of a reaction act as biological catalyst (speeds up a rxn) examples: lactase, maltase, sucrase, thrombin-clot blood, insulin- diabetes What do they look like? Enzyme – protein that acts like a catalyst

4. Enzyme What do they look like? Activation Site – Location where substrate connects to enzyme Lock and Key Hypothesis – A specific substrate will attach to a specific enzyme

5. Naming Enzymes most enzymes end in the letters - ase Examples: glucasemaltase sucraseamylase-in the mouth- digest

6. Chemical Reactions

7. What is a chemical reaction? A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. All must have product and reactants. 2H + O = H 2 O – The hydrogen and oxygen are the reactants and water is the product

8. What is a chemical reaction? One key note in chemical reactions – the chemicals in the product must equal the number of chemicals in the reactants. Examples: CH 4 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O CH 4 + O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O

9. Energy in Reactions During a chemical reaction energy is either released or absorbed.

10. Energy in Reactions Energy-Absorbing Reactions (Endergonic) Usually cannot occur alone – needs an enzyme or catalyst Example: Water into Hydrogen gas and Oxygen Gas

11. Energy in Reactions Energy-Releasing Reaction (exergonic) Very spontaneous Energy released is usual heat but can be light or sound in certain gases are involved.

12. Activation Energy This is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. If the reaction energy is lowered it is called a catalyst. (If is a biological catalyst is called a enzyme)

13. Enzymes Enzymes is a protein to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. THEY STILL LOWER THE ACTIVATION ENERGY How can this be seen from the example from above?

14. Enzymes

15. Enzyme Action For a reaction to take place, the reactions must collide with enough energy so that existing will be broken and new bonds will be formed. If there is not enough energy, they will be unchanged after the collision

16. Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.

17. ATP Is a single nucleotide w/ 3 energy- storing phosphate groups Serves as main energy currency of cells providing the energy for most of the energy-consuming activities of the cell

18. ATP It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do. It is present in the cytoplasm of every cell. Plants = sunlight energy can be used to convert the less active compound back to the highly energetic form. Animals = use the energy from storage molecules to do what is needed to keep yourself alive, then "recharge" them to put them back in the high energy state.

19. Closing Question Explain how life could not exist without enzymes….