1. 19 Creating New Materials

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3. 19 Creating New Materials Key Vocabulary chemical reaction cross-link molecule monomer polymer product of a chemical reaction reactant

4. 19 Creating New Materials What type of molecule can you make using all of these atoms and bonds? 4 hydrogen 2 carbon 1 oxygen 7 bonds Record your answer in your notebook.

5. 19 Creating New Materials Vinyl alcohol

6. 19 Creating New Materials What happens when you link two vinyl alcohols?

7. 19 Creating New Materials Monomer and polymer Monomer Polymer

8. 19 Creating New Materials In the last activity you investigated four plastics. What did each of their names have in common?

9. 19 Creating New Materials Read the introduction and look for key ideas

10. 19 Creating New Materials How are reactants changed by a chemical reaction? How are the products different?

11. 19 Creating New Materials Safety Wear safety goggles at all times during this lab. Do not allow solutions to touch your skin or clothing. Clean up any spills immediately. If accidental contact occurs, inform your teacher, and rinse exposed areas.

12. 19 Creating New Materials Complete the procedure and record your data SCORING GUIDE: Organizing Data

13. 19 Creating New Materials Analysis question 1 How do the physical properties of the final product compare to the physical properties of: a.polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), one of the reactants? b.sodium borate, the second reactant, which you added to the PVA?

14. 19 Creating New Materials Analysis question 2 What evidence can you provide that a new substance formed?

15. 19 Creating New Materials Which do you think is a harder substance, a polymer with more cross-links or a polymer with fewer cross-links? What do you think would happen to the final polymer if you continued to add sodium borate? Share your thoughts with the class.

16. 19 Creating New Materials Analysis question 3 Plastics are a category of materials. Compare the plastics that you worked with in this activity to the properties of the plastics you tested in Activity 18, ”Properties of Plastics.” From these two investigations, what can you say about the properties of plastics?

17. 19 Creating New Materials How are reactants changed by a chemical reaction? How are the products different? This materials scientist studies the creation of new materials.

18. 19 Creating New Materials Key vocabulary definitions Chemical reaction - A process during which a substance or substances change(s) into one or more new substances. The signs of a chemical reaction include bubbles forming, color change, a precipitate forming, and an energy change, such as a temperature change or light being emitted.

19. 19 Creating New Materials Key vocabulary definitions Cross-linking - A process in which chemical links are set up between polymer chains. Molecule - The smallest particle of an element or compound that displays the properties of the substance in quantity.

20. 19 Creating New Materials Key vocabulary definitions Monomer - Literally “one part,” or the small molecules that form the units in a polymer chain. Polymer - Literally “many parts”; many small molecular units bonded to form a molecule with at least 1,000 atoms. Natural substances such as cellulose, proteins, and rubber are classified as polymers, as are all synthetic plastics.

21. 19 Creating New Materials Key vocabulary definitions Product of a chemical reaction – The substance(s) that are produced at the end of a chemical reaction. Reactant - Chemical substances that enter into a reaction and produce the products of the reaction.