1. Respiratory System

2. Functions of the Respiratory System involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases between the blood and the external environment

3. Breathing and Respiration Breathing: the movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases Respiration: involves the oxygen delivered to cells that is used to release energy from glucose.

4. Organs of the Respiratory System 1. Nostrils 2. Nasal Passages- intake air Warm air Moistens and humidifies air Filters air 3. Pharynx: Back of the throat

5. Organs of the Respiratory System 4. Epiglottis piece of cartilage that covers opening to trachea during swallowing 5. Larynx contains 2 elastic folds of tissue: vocal cords muscles pull vocal cords together air moving between them causes vocal cords to vibrate and produce sounds

6. Organs of the Respiratory System 6. Trachea windpipe; lined with rings of cartilage, mucus divides into two bronchi

7. Organs of the Respiratory System 7. Bronchi each bronchus leads to a lung lined with cartilage, mucus

8. Organs of the Respiratory System 8. Bronchioles smaller passageways that branch out of the bronchi

9. Organs of the Respiratory System 9. Alveoli (Lungs) extremely thin air sacs, moist 350 million in each lung; provides an enormous surface area for gas exchange

10. Organs of the Respiratory System 10. Diaphragm large, flat muscle at the bottom of the lung cavity contracts and moves down during inhalation relaxes and moves up during exhalation

11. Breathing Lungs expand due to pressure changes caused by movement of diaphragm and rib muscles

12. Breathing During inhalation, chest cavity becomes larger, and air pressure in lung decreases so air rushes in

13. Breathing During exhalation, chest cavity gets smaller, pressure in lung cavity increases so air is forced out of the lungs

14. Disorders of the Respiratory System Emphysema the air sacs and small airways of the lungs have become damaged Alveoli rupture and are replaced by scar tissue More common in smokers than non- smokers

15. Disorders of the Respiratory System Asthma Allergic reaction causes swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles Flow of air is restricted

16. Disorders of the Respiratory System Pneumonia Infection of the bronchioles and alveoli Alveoli become filled with fluid Gas exchange is limited

17. Disorders of the Respiratory System Lung Cancer Tumors begin to grow in the lungs More common in smokers than in non- smokers

18. Disorders of the Respiratory System Cystic Fibrosis An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs Can’t be cured Causes a thick buildup of mucus in the lungs Limits the ability to breathe

19. Disorders Related to Smoking Tar coats your lungs like soot in a chimney and causes cancer Carbon monoxide robs your muscles, brain and body tissue of oxygen Solid deposits interfere with action of cilia