1. Laryngeal tumors

2. Nonmalignant lesions
1- vocal cord nodules ( polyps ) 2- laryngeal papilloma ( squamous papilloma )

3. polyps
papilloma

4. Vocal cord nodules Nodules on vocal cord Less than 0.5 cm in diameter
Composed of fibrous tissue and covered by stratified squamous epithelium mucosa
Can be ulcerated
Affect heavy smokers and singers

6. Laryngeal papilloma Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)
Infection by human papilloma virus (HPV)
Usually on the true vocal cord
Rarely more than 1 cm in diameter
May companied with hymoptysis
Children : multiple
Adult : single
tt : excision

8. Laryngeal cancer
Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the larynx
The larynx is a part of the throat between the base of the tongue and the trachea.
The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate and make sound when air is directed against them.
Remember :

9. There are three main parts of the larynx:
supraglottis: The upper part of the larynx above the vocal cords, including the epiglottis
Glottis: The middle part of the larynx where the vocal cords are located.
Subglottis: The lower part of the larynx between the vocal cords and the trachea

10. Stages of laryngeal cancer
This means the tumor is in only one part of the larynx and the vocal cords are able to move normally
Stage 2 :
The tumor is in more than one part of the larynx

11. Stage 3 :
The tumor is throughout the larynx but has not spread further the covering of the larynx . One of the vocal cods cannot move
Stage 4 :
The tumor has grown into body tissues outside the larynx , it might spread to the thyroid gland , trachea , esophagus and LN .

12. Laryngeal Carcinoma
2 %
Squamous cell carcinoma, arising from epithelial lining of vocal cords.
It most commonly occurs after age 40 years and it is more common in males than in female . (7 males : 1 female )
The tumor develops on the vocal cords (glottic tumor) in 60 % to 75% of cases
But it might arise above the cords (supraglottic , 25% to 40% ) or below the cords (subglottic ,less than 5%)

13. Normal larynx 
Laryngeal
carcinoma 

14. Risk factors  Alcohol Smoking (اللي شاغبتوا بمحاضرته :P)
HPV (Human papilloma virus may lead to laryngeal carcinoma but in a minority of cases .

15. The pts present with :
1- Hoarseness
2-Cough
3-Difiiculty in swallowing
4-Stridor
Localizing
Pearly ,gray
Ulcerating

16. pay attention
With surgery, radiation or combined therapeutic treatments , many pts can be cured but about one third die of the disease .
_ TNM ( tumor nodes met
Done by :
 Raghad Alkofhi
 Sarah Radaideh