1. Nervous System Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) – Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – All other nervous tissue throughout the body

2. Central Nervous System (CNS) Nerve Tissue: – White Matter or Gray Matter

3. The Brain One of the largest organ of the body – Physical and mental activity – Memory, emotion, thought, judgment, reasoning and consciousness Four major structures – Cerebrum – Cerebellum – Diencephalon – Brainstem

4. Cerebrum Sensory, perception and interpretation, language, voluntary movement, memory, emotional behavior

5. Corpus Callosum Communicate right & left

6. Lobes of the Cerebrum

7. Cerebellum Functions involve movement, equilibrium and balance

8. Diencephalon Thalamus: – Receives all sensory stimuli except olfactory Hypothalammus – Regulates the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

9. Brainstem 3 Structures: Midbrain, Medulla, Pons Controls respirations, blood pressure, and heart rate

10. Spinal Cord Ascending tracts: Sensory nerve Descending tracts: Motor nerve

11. Meninges 3 layers: Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

12. Important Word Roots Cerebr/o Crani/o Encephal/o Mening/o, meningi/o Thalam/o

13. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All nervous tissue located outside of the spinal column and brain Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves Subdivided: Somatic nervous system(SNS) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

14. Somatic Nervous System (SNS) Nerve Fibers that – Transmit sensory info to the brain, spinal cord, and nerve fibers – Transmits impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles

15. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Nerve Fibers that – Control involuntary movement: digestion, heart contractions, vasoconstriction, regulation of secretions by glands – Subdivided: Sympathetic Parasympathetic

16. Sympathetic Fight or Flight

17. Parasympathetic Rest and Digest

18. Autonomic Nervous System

19. Cranial Nerves May be sensory, motor or mixed – Sensory: ascending (afferent) – Motor: descending (efferent)

20. 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves I Olfactory: smell II Optic: Vision III Oculomotor: eyelid/eyeball motor IV Trochlear: Turns eye V Trigeminal: Chewing, face & mouth touch, pain VI Abducens: Turns eye laterally

21. 12 Cranial Nerves VII Facial: facial expressions, tears, saliva, taste VIII Vestibulocochlear: Hearing equilibrium IX Glossopharyngeal: Taste, senses carotid blood pressure X Vagus: senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart, stimulates digestive organs, taste

22. 12 Cranial Nerves XI Spinal Accessory: controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid, controls swallowing XII Hypoglossal: Controls Tongue movements

23. Spinal Nerves 31 pairs Emerge from the intervertebral spaces in the spinal column 2 points of attachment – Anterior: contains motor fibers – Posterior: contains sensory fibers

24. Spinal Nerves C1-C8 = Cervical Nerves T1-T12 = Thoracic Nerves L1-L5 = Lumbar Nerves S1-S5 = Sacral Nerves C0 = Coccygeal nerve

25. Medical Word Elements Kinesi/o Myel/o Neur/o -Phasia -plegia

26. Cerebrovascular Disease Functional abnormality caused by disorders of the blood vessels of the brain Stroke: Cerebr/o/vascul/ar accident (CVA) (#3 & #1)

27. Cerebrovascular Disease Ischemic Stroke: narrowing of the arteries of the brain

28. Cerebrovascular Disease Intra/cerebr/al Hem/o/rrhage: (#1/ #2) sudden rupture of an artery within the brain

29. Cerebrovascular Disease Sub/arachnoid Hem/o/rrhage: (#2) Blood is released into the space surrounding the brain

30. Cerebrovascular Disease Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): mild CVA characterized by blackouts, blurred vision or dizziness F.A.S.T

31. Signs of Stroke Hemi/paresis: weakness in one half of the body Hemi/plegia: paralysis in one half of the body A/phasia: inability to speak A/taxia: lack of muscle coordination

32. Seizure Disorders Any medical condition characterized by sudden changes in behavior or consciousness as a result of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain

33. Seizure Disorders Epi/lepsy: chronic or recurring seizure disorders

34. Aura Premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder, peculiar sensation that precedes seizures

35. Convulsion Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more muscles

36. Parkinson Disease Progressive neurological disorder affecting the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement

37. Parkinson’s Symptoms Brady/kinesia & Hypo/kinesia: decreased speed of movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= ECkPVTZlfP8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= ECkPVTZlfP8

38. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) A progressive, degenerative disease of the central nervous system

39. Alzheimer Disease (AD) A progressive neurological disorder that causes memory loss and serious mental deterioration

40. Dementia Broad Term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

41. Mental Illness Includes an array of psychological disorders, syndromes, and behavioral patterns that cause alterations in mood, behavior, and thinking

42. Mental Illness Psychosis: serious mental disorder commonly characterized by – False beliefs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary: delusions – Hearing voices and seeing visions in the absence of an actual stimuli: Hallucinations

43. Mental Illness Neurosis: caused by an emotion experienced in the past that overwhelmingly interferes or affects a present emotion – Phobias: irrational fears – Hysterias: exaggerated emotional and reflexive behaviors – Obsessive compulsive disorders: uncontrolled ritualistic actions

44. Careers in Mental Illness Psych/iatr/ist: (#1) Medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of serious mental disorders Clinical Psych/o/log/ist: (#2) individuals trained in evaluating human behavior, intelligence, and personality

45. Medical Word Elements & Abbreviations -kinesiaPsych/o -paresisR/O -taxiaCSF CVA TIA PNS SNS ANS

46. Ataxia Lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement

47. Autism Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy

48. Coma Abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli

49. Closed Head Trauma Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

50. Concussion Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head http://www.youtube.com/results?se arch_query=NFL+helmet+to+helm et http://www.youtube.com/results?se arch_query=NFL+helmet+to+helm et

51. Dyslexia Inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability and exposure

52. Lethargy Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli, sluggish

53. Cerebral Palsy Type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes, speech and learning ability

54. Paralysis Loss of voluntary motion – Hemiplegia: paralysis of one side of the body – Paraplegia: paralysis of both lower limbs – Quadriplegia: paralysis of both arms and legs

55. Sciatica Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve

56. Syncope Temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain (fainting)

57. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Lumbar Puncture: Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= R2_0gOI8uV0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= R2_0gOI8uV0

58. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: a series of lab test used to diagnose disorders of the CNS, including bacterial and viral infections

59. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Angiography: Radiography of the blood vessels after introduction of a contrast medium

60. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Cryosurgery: Technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it