1. Transport of gases. Regulation of respiration

3. Role of Pulmonary Surfactant
Surfactant decreases surface tension which:
1)increases pulmonary compliance (reducing the effort needed to expand the lungs)
2)reduces tendency for alveoli to collapse

7. Changes in the Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

8. Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve at Rest

9. Carbon Dioxide Transport and Chloride Movement in Tissues

10. Carbon Dioxide Transport and Chloride Movement in Lungs

11. Respiratory Structures in the Brainstem Video

12. Video

13. Location of the carotid and aortic bodies
Location of the carotid and aortic bodies. Note that each carotid body is quite close to a carotid sinus, the major arterial baroreceptor.
Both right and left common carotid bifurcations contain a carotid sinus and a carotid body.

15. Pathways by which increased arterial PCO2 stimulates ventilation.
Note that the peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated by an increase in H concentration, whereas they are also stimulated by a decrease in PO2.

16. Summary of factors that stimulate ventilation during exercise

17. Ventilation changes during exercise
Ventilation changes during exercise. Note (1) the abrupt increase at the onset of exercise and (2) the equally abrupt but larger decrease at the end of exercise.