1. Cells and Heredity Lesson 1.4 The Cell in Its Environment
6th Science

2. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that some substances can pass through it while others cannot
The cell membrane is usually permeable to substances such as oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide
The cell membrane is usually not permeable to some large molecules and salts
Substances that can move into and out of a cell do so by one of three methods: diffusion, osmosis, or active transport

3. Diffusion – Molecules in Motion
Diffusion – the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Concentration – the amount of a substance in a given volume
Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules move into and out of cells
Collisions of molecules causes diffusion
Molecules diffuse through the cell membrane into a cell when there is a higher concentration of the molecules outside the cell than inside the cell

4. Osmosis – The Diffusion of Water Molecules
Osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis is important to cells because cells cannot function properly without adequate water
In osmosis, water molecules move from an area where they are highly concentrated through the cell membrane to an area where they are less concentrated

5. Active Transport
Passive transport – the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
Examples: diffusion and osmosis
Active Transport – the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
The main difference between passive transport and active transport is that active transport requires the cell to use energy while passive transport does not

6. A cell has many ways of moving materials by active transport
1) Transport proteins in the cell membrane “pick up molecules outside the cell and carry them in, using energy in the process
2) Engulfing – the cell membrane surrounds, or engulfs a particle

7. Why Are Cells Small?
All materials move into and out of cells through the cell membrane
Once a molecule enters a cell, it is carried to its destination by a stream of moving cytoplasm
In a very large cell, streams of cytoplasm must travel farther to carry materials from the cell membrane to all parts of the cell
When a cell reaches a certain size, it divides into two new cells