1. Ch. 23 - Capitalization Ch. 23 - Capitalization © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2. Opening Activity Which of the following nouns should be capitalized? 1.jupiter 2.judge 3.broadway avenue 4.route 66 5.the enlightenment © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3. Answers Which of the following nouns should be capitalized? 1.Jupiter 2.judge 3.Broadway Avenue 4.Route 66 5.the Enlightenment © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

4. Learning Outcomes By the time you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize and use ◦LO1 Basic Capitalization ◦LO2 Advanced Capitalization ◦LO3 Other Capitalization Rules © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

5. Basic Capitalization All first words, proper nouns, and proper adjectives must be capitalized. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday January, February, March the Dark Ages, the Jazz Period Republican Party Declaration of Independence Vice President Biden Center Street © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6. Advanced Capitalization Sentences in Parentheses Capitalize the first word in a sentence that is enclosed in parentheses if that sentence is not combined within another complete sentence. She should apply for law school. (She loves to argue). Sentences Following Colons Capitalize a complete sentence that follows a colon when that sentence is a formal statement, a quotation, or a sentence that you want to emphasize. She made her case: The defendant should go free. © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7. Words Used as Names Capitalize words like father, mother, uncle, senator, and professor only when they are parts of titles that include a personal name or when they are substitutes for proper nouns Hello, Congresswoman Roberts. (Congresswoman is part of the name.) It’s good to meet you, Congresswoman. (Congresswoman is a substitute for the name.) Who was your English professor last semester? I had Professor Maddux; who did you have? Did Mom buy your books? (You can replace ‘Mom’ with a name: Jenny.) Are you kidding? My mom hasn’t bought me schoolbooks since middle school. (You cannot replace ‘mom’ with a name.) © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8. Advanced Capitalization Salutation and Complimentary Closing In a letter, capitalize the first and all major words of the salutation. Capitalize only the first word of the complimentary closing. Dear Dr. Aguilar: Sections of the Country Words that indicate sections of the country are proper nouns and should be capitalized; words that simply indicate directions are not proper nouns. The South is known for its regional cuisine. Languages, Ethnic Groups, Nationalities, and Religions Capitalize languages, ethnic groups, nationalities, religions, Supreme Beings, and holy books. Navajo © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

9. Other Capitalization Rules I Titles Capitalize the first word of a title, the last word, and every word in between except articles (a, an, the), short prepositions, to in an infinitive, and coordinating conjunctions. Pride and Prejudice Organizations Capitalize the name of an organization or a team and its members. Denver Broncos © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

10. Other Capitalization Rules I Abbreviations Capitalize abbreviations of titles and organizations. M.B.A. (Masters in Business Administration) Letters Capitalize letters used to indicate a form or shape. T-Shirt © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

11. Other Capitalization Rules II Words Used as Names Capitalize words like father, mother, uncle, senator, and professor only when they are parts of titles that include a personal name or when they are substitutes for proper nouns (especially in direct address). At the mall, the student walked right by Professor Lopez without recognizing him. Titles of Courses Words such as technology, history, and science are proper nouns when they are included in the titles of specific courses; they are common nouns when they name a field of study. I am enrolling in American History II this fall. © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

12. Other Capitalization Rules II Internet and E-Mail The words Internet and World Wide Web are capitalized because they are considered proper nouns. When your writing includes a Web address (URL), capitalize any letters that the site’s owner does (on printed materials or on the site itself). June is always on the Web searching for more Internet information about her family tree. © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

13. Closing Activity The capitalization is incorrect in two of the sentences below. Which two sentences have correct capitalization? 1.The Dallas cowboys just experienced a tough season. 2.Their leader, Coach Donnelly, quit unexpectedly. 3.He had contract disputes with the team’s owner, Rod Bowery. 4.The football players thought about quitting the cowboys too. © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

14. Answers The capitalization is incorrect in two of the sentences below. Which two sentences have correct capitalization? 1.The Dallas cowboys just experienced a tough season. 2.Their leader, Coach Donnelly, quit unexpectedly. (CORRECT) 3.He had contract disputes with the team’s owner, Rod Bowery. (CORRECT) 4.The football players thought about quitting the cowboys too. © 2016. CENGAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.