1. Unit 3: US Role in the World Day 1

2. Introduction to Unit III The U.S. Role in the World

3. Unit III Essential Questions: What should the goals of U.S. foreign policy be and what’s the best way to achieve those goals? What role should the U.S. play in the world today? How does political ideology influence U.S. foreign policy? What is the image of the U.S. in the world today and how does that image influence American foreign policy?

4. Are there other universally recognized symbols of the United States?

5. The Only Global Superpower … Since the end of the Cold War, the global system has been unipolar. U.S. has been world’s only superpower.  Economically  Militarily  Culturally

6. An Economic Superpower … The U.S. is the world’s richest nation, with the world’s largest economy. Ranks first in total GDP (20% of world GDP).

7. World’s Top Ten Economies in 2011

9. A Military Superpower… The U.S. is the world’s most powerful nation. Strongest military the world has ever known –both in absolute terms and relative to other nations.

10. U.S. defense spending almost equals the defense spending of all other nations combined!

11. What About China?

12. Only the U.S. has a global military presence -- with far more forces stationed overseas than any other nation.

13. U.S. Hegemony The U.S. is often described as a global hegemon. Meaning it is able to exert dominance and power worldwide.

14. “Pax Americana”: What Does it Mean?

15. The “Pax Romana” 27 B.C. – 180 A.D. A 200 year period of peace and stability imposed on the world by the Romans at the height of the Roman Empire.

16. “Pax Americana” Latin phrase meaning “American peace” or “peace imposed by America”. Refers to the use of U.S. power to impose order and stability (peace) on the world – just as the Romans did.

17. “Pax Americana”: Policing the World

18. “Pax Americana” Which group on the FP political spectrum would wear this shirt to show their support for this idea? Neoconservatives

19. “Pax Americana” What groups on the FP political spectrum are most likely to oppose this idea? Anti-war Left Isolationists

20. What makes America a cultural superpower? Write down some other examples:

22. Why do they hate us? and Unit 3, Day 2 Why don’t we care?

23. GLOBAL VIEWS OF THE US WHY DO THEY HATE US? MAYBE… Survey Part 2

24. “Soft Power” “Hard power” refers to military or economic power (can be either carrots or sticks). “Soft power” is the power that comes from attraction. A country’s soft power causes others to follow it and to emulate it out of admiration and respect.

25. Sources of America’s Soft Power:  Our culture (in places where it is attractive to others)  Our political values and ideals (when we live up to them at home and abroad)  Our foreign policy (when it is viewed as legitimate and having moral authority).

26. “Tools of Soft Power” “Soft power” is often used to refer to a country’s ability influence others through the use of any non-military means such as … … diplomacy or humanitarian assistance.

27. What Enhances America’s Soft Power?

28. What Diminishes America’s Soft Power?

29. What’s the Prevalent Image of America Today? Is it this?Or is it this?

30. Global Views of the U.S. America’s Image in the World

31. Global Attitudes Fear and resentment of US power Disdain for unilateral actions, use of force – Opposition to Bush Doctrine (pre-emptive war) – Opposition to the War on Terror US seen as self-interested US criticized for disinterest in global issues (poverty, climate change)

32. In the Muslim World Anti-Americanism is highest War in Iraq was highly unpopular “War on terrorism” viewed as “War on Islam” Anger towards US for strong support of Israel

33. WHY DON’T WE CARE?

34. What do you think? Because of its history and constitution, the US has a unique character that makes it the greatest country in the world. – YES – NO

35. What do you think? Does Obama believe the US has a unique character that makes it the greatest country in the world? – YES, he does. – NO, he does not.

36. What do you think? Do you think the US does or does not have a special responsibility to be the leading nation in world affairs? – YES, it does. – NO, it does not.

37. AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM Introductory Article

38. Reading Assignment: “ The Impulse to Do Good Has Often Guided U.S. Foreign Policy”

39. America’s “manifest duty” is to become an “international police power” and to “repel any wrong... in the interests of humanity at large. ” America’s highest calling was to “patrol the globe and better the condition of things in other nations. ” -Theodore Roosevelt

41. “A distinctly American internationalism will help make the world not just safer, but better.” “We are called on to defend the hopes of all mankind.” -George W. Bush Making the case for war against Iraq.

42. Before Reading Key Terms/Phrases 1.Exceptionalism 2.Manifest duty 3.Shores hitherto bloody and benighted 4.Benevolent global hegemony 5.Emulate America 6.Moral certitudes 7.Destiny for which Providence seems to have cast us Know before you go Define 2 items in your own words Share your terms with a partner Continue to rotate to new partners until you have all 7

43. Reading Assignment: “ The Impulse to Do Good Has Often Guided U.S. Foreign Policy”

44. America’s “manifest duty” is to become an “international police power” and to “repel any wrong... in the interests of humanity at large. ” America’s highest calling was to “patrol the globe and better the condition of things in other nations. ” -Theodore Roosevelt

46. “A distinctly American internationalism will help make the world not just safer, but better.” “We are called on to defend the hopes of all mankind.” -George W. Bush Making the case for war against Iraq.

47. While Reading… Read actively, read with a pen ▫* and underline main ideas ▫? and write out 2 questions ▫R and write out 2 course connection Be prepared to share questions, connections

48. After Reading Respond to discussion questions

49. Check in, Unit 3 Day 4 What view of the US does this reflect? How does it relate to the concept of American Exceptionalism?

50. Unit 3, Day 4 Intro to American Exceptionalism Crunching the Numbers on American Exceptionalism (Rolling the Die) American Exceptionalism—Overview of the Debate (Multimedia PPT) Placing American Exceptionalism on the Political Spectrum (Shuffling the Deck)

51. American “Exceptionalism” The belief, long held by many Americans……that America is special and different from other nations… …because of our civil and religious liberty and our democratic form of govern- ment… … and that America’s values should serve as an example for the rest of the world to follow.

52. American “Exceptionalism” (con’t)  Implies that American values are superior.  Assumes that we Americans are a special people with a divinely ordained destiny. (or mission). What is that destiny? To lead the world toward liberty and democracy.

53. “Our nation is chosen by God and commissioned by history to be a model to the world" George W. Bush 2000 Campaign

54. “ A ‘messianic impulse’ has been behind many past U.S. foreign policy goals”. Messianic means “marked by idealism and an aggressive crusading spirit... a sense of historic mission.” It’s the idealistic idea that America’s mission is to “save the world” by spreading its values and ideals.

55. The Current Debate Over American Exceptionalism

56. Where on the political spectrum is the idea of American exceptionalism most strongly promoted? Most strongly supported by conservatives on the right. Support for American Exceptionalism?

57. Conservative Republican President Ronald Reagan described America as a “shining city upon a hill,” whose “beacon light guides freedom-loving people everywhere.” Video clip "A City Upon a Hill: The Spirit of American Exceptionalism"

58. Where on the political spectrum is American exceptionalism most strongly criticized? Idea is criticized by some liberals on the left and by isolationists on the right. Criticism of American Exceptionalism? Isolationist Viewpt.: Ron Paul on American Exceptionalism (2:27) Liberal Viewpt: Opening Scene of HBO’s The Newsroom(4:48)

59. The Current Debate MSNBC Report, “Politics and American Exceptionalism “, 12-29-2010 (6:10) The idea of 'American exceptionalism' has become an attack against President Obama, who Republicans claim is reluctant to embrace the idea.

60. Why don’t we care? Small Group Activity (20 min.)

61. What do Americans think… Review the poll data in a group of 6 Every student should be prepared to answer every question ▫Count off 1 to 6 ▫Roll the die to determine who shares with the class

62. Unit 3, Day 4

63. Global Relations Unit III The Foreign Policy Political Spectrum (Revisited)

64. The Traditional Political Spectrum What does the political spectrum show? The political spectrum is a way of visually showing the range of political positions/views. LEFTRIGHTFAR RIGHTFAR LEFTCENTER More changeLess Change Communism & SocialismFascism Most Americans DemocratsRepublicans

65. The Foreign Policy Political Spectrum Anti-War Left Liberal Internationalists (Liberal Idealists) Realists / Pragmatists Neoconservatives (Conservative Idealists) Isolationists Far LeftLeft of CenterRight of CenterFar Right Democratic PartyRepublican Party MultilateralistsUnilateralists Radical ViewsLiberal ViewsModerate ViewsConservative ViewsUltra Conservative Views Center ABCDE

66. Idealists on the Left Liberal Internationalists Foreign policy based on moral values and ideals. Interests of humanity. Multilateralism Alliances based on shared values. Moral obligation to confront human rights abuses. Humanitarian interventions. International support for use of military force.

67. More Radical Idealists on the Far Left “ Anti-War Left” Strongly anti-war (pacifists). U.S. foreign policy viewed as “imperialistic.” Critical of U.S. support for dictators. U.S. seen as major human rights violator.

68. Conservative Internationalists Realists Promote national interests over not moral values. Pragmatists. Focus on attain- able goals and results. Stress need for global stability. Deal with all governments, even those we dislike. Alliances with dictators who share U.S. goals. Military interventions only to protect vital U.S. interests.

69. Idealists on the Right Neoconservatives (Neocons) Want to spread freedom and democracy. Use of military force to spread ideals (Hawks). Want to combat evil and end tyranny in the world. Regime change in rogue states. Support preventive war. American exceptionalism. Unilateralism

70. The Far Right Isolationists Withdraw from involvement overseas. Not America’s job to police the world. Strong defense, but opposed to interventions overseas. End U.S. participation in UN, other international bodies. International agreements seen as threat to U.S. sovereignty.

71. Where do your views put YOU on the foreign policy political spectrum? Why?

72. Share your position 1.Radical Left 2.Liberal Internationalist (Liberal Idealist) 3.Conservative Internationalist (Realist) 4.Neoconservative (Conservative Idealist) 5.Isolationist

73. What approaches will be most welcomed by the world? 1.Radical Left 2.Liberal Internationalist (Liberal Idealist) 3.Conservative Internationalist (Realist) 4.Neoconservative (Conservative Idealist) 5.Isolationist

74. What approaches will be least welcomed by the world? 1.Radical Left 2.Liberal Internationalist (Liberal Idealist) 3.Conservative Internationalist (Realist) 4.Neoconservative (Conservative Idealist) 5.Isolationist

75. Where does the speech fall on the foreign policy political spectrum?

76. Bush’s 2 nd Inaugural Paired Media Analysis ▫With a partner complete the speech and included critiques ▫Use Foreign Policy Political Spectrum organizer to help respond to questions ▫Both copies will be collected for a grade after the Unit 3 test Political Cartoon Example How does the cartoonist view Bush? How does he make use of satire in his cartoon?

77. Bush’s 2 nd Inaugural Bush’s 2 nd Inaugural in Context Check Out! ▫What other references to AE can you find? ▫List and explain as many as possible

78. Unit 3, Day 5

79. World Reaction to Obama’s Election 2008

82. U.S. Foreign Policy Under Obama

83. 2008 Presidential Campaign Obama’s Foreign Policy Platform Argued for using diplomacy over military force. Opposed war in Iraq and promised to withdraw all U.S. troops. Stressed need to work with allies, other nations and international institutions. Expressed willingness to talk with leaders of all countries, including U.S. foes.

84. As a candidate, and later as president, Obama supported a policy of engagement towards countries considered enemies of the United States.

86. Obama’s First Speech to the UN: September 23, 2009 NewsHour Coverage of UN speech What do you think the UN delegates wanted to hear from Obama?

87. Obama’s first UN speech… Obama prodded world leaders to do what? “End an almost reflexive anti- Americanism” and join the U.S. in solving global problems.” “ Those who used to chastise America for acting alone in the world cannot now stand by and wait for America to solve the world’s problems alone.”

88. Obama’s first UN speech … Signaled break with Bush administration policies. Reminded the world how much he had altered U.S. policies. “ We have sought – in word and deed – a new era of engagement with the world.” Obama's Full UN speech

91. President Obama Awarded 2009 Nobel Peace Prize

92. Obama Awarded Nobel Peace Prize October, 2009 Why Obama?

93. “Obama has as President created a new climate in international politics. Multilateral diplomacy has regained a central position, with emphasis on the role that the United Nations and other international institutions can play. Dialogue and negotiations are preferred as instruments for resolving even the most difficult international conflicts.” Nobel Committee Press Release October 9, 2009

96. Obama’s Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech December 10, 2009 What’s the irony here?

97. Obama’s Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech December 10, 2009 Obama used this speech to defend what idea? That some wars were necessary and just. What “hard truth” did Obama say must be acknowledged? We will not eradicate violent conflicts in our lifetimes.

98. Obama’s Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech Needed to address what paradox? Paradox of accepting the peace prize just after his escalation of the war in Afghanistan. Had made the decision to send 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan one week earlier. News Hour Coverage of Speech

100. Cited principle of “just war” and defended armed intervention under what circumstances?  “To protect civilians…”  In cases of “moral necessity.” Made it clear he believes the use of force against al Qaeda meets the criteria of a just war. Why? Because its linked to an act of aggression. Obama’s Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech

101. How did Obama embrace the idea of American exceptionalism?  Said U.S. has a “special role as a defender of liberty.”  Said U.S. has played a “central role” in underwriting global security since World War II with the “blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms.” Obama’s Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech

102. Reactions to Speech “The president sought to portray himself in Oslo as both a realist and an idealist. To be sure, he argued not just for peace but for justice as well. But make no mistake about it: this was a supremely realistic statement about the presence of evil in the world, the limitations of international institutions, the need to talk to tyrants, and the unavoidability of war. This may have been a Nobel Peace Prize speech, but the U.S. president is no pacifist.” Richard N. Haass President, Council of Foreign Relations