1. Active :: Passive Voice  Active and Passive Verb forms  Meanings  Usage  English philology dep.

2.  It's important to study the passive voice as it is a special technique that helps people to place the focus on the object of an action, rather than than the person doing that action. The agent of activity (the doer) isn’t mentioned which allows to avoid responsibility. It’s a kind of self- protection.

3. Active :: Passive Voice Word order in an English sentence Subject + Predicate + Adverbial modifiers predication is complete / завершенное сказуемое: The bus / stopped / at the station / at 5. Agent + activity + place + time It’s definitely a sample of the active voice.

4. Active voice in a sentence is associated only with transitive verbs : ? Transitive verb ? A verb that should be followed by an Object to make the predication complete: give ? / throw ? / buy ? / said ? / allow ? Subject + Predicate + Object + Adverbial modifiers (time/place/location/reason) Mary /sent /an email /yesterday. Mary /sent /me /an email /yesterday. Mary /sent /an email /to me/ yesterday. Agent + activity + thing + participant (recipient of an activity) + time/place

5. The information about it can be found in the dictionary:  to write  (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/write)  transitive verb  1. a : to form (as characters or symbols) on a surface with an instrument (as a pen)  b : to form (as words) by inscribing the characters or symbols of on a surface  c : to spell in writing writing  d : to cover, fill, or fill in by writing  intransitive verb  1 a : to make significant characters or inscriptions; also : to permit or be adapted to writing  b : to form or produce written letters, words, or sentenceswritten  2: to compose, communicate by, or send a letter  3 a : to produce a written work  b : to compose music

6. The information about it can be found in the dictionary:  To run  intransitive verb  1a : to go faster than a walk; specifically : to go steadily by springing steps so that both feet leave the ground for an instant in each step  b of a horse : to move at a fast gallop  c : flee, retreat, escape fleeretreatescape  2 a : to go without restraint : move freely about at will  b : to keep company : consort consort  c : to sail before the wind in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled  3 a : to go rapidly or hurriedly : hasten hasten  b : to go in urgency or distress : resort resort  c : to make a quick, easy, or casual trip or visit <ran over to borrow some sugar;  ???Your car has ran a red light (to slip or go through or past)

7. Are the following verbs transitive/intransitive? 1/ She intervened at once. 2/ She puts standards of behavior in our office. 3/ She interfered as usual. 4/ They have just postponed the date of the meeting. 5/ Analysts worry about the currency fluctuation. 6/ That company borrowed a lot of money before going bankrupt. 7/ The company is planning to move its corporate headquarters to Vilnius. 8/ All shareholders ought to receive record files annually. 9/ The train never stops here.

8. When do we need to change active into passive ? -when the person who performs the action is unknown / unimportant/ obvious from the context: My car was stolen last night. The car should be serviced every three months. The house was burgled last night.

9. When do we need to change active into passive ?  when the action itself is more important than the agent, especially in news headlines, instructions, ads:  13 nuns freed by Syria kidnappers;  Twitter be banned;

10.  In transformation of the Active voice into the passive  3 types of passive constructions are possible:  the Direct Passive,  the Indirect Passive,  the Prepositional Passive.

11. ►1. The Direct Passive (D.P.) In this type of passive construction the subject corresponds to the direct object of the verb: They will take the furniture out of the room === The furniture will be taken out of the room (the Direct Passive).

12. ►2. The Indirect Passive (I.P.) In this type of passive construction the subject corresponds to two objects of the verb – a direct O (DO) and an indirect O (IO): They offered me a well-paid job= A well-paid job was offered (to) me. I was offered a well-paid job.

13. ►3. The Prepositional Passive (Prep.P.) In this type of passive construction the subject corresponds to the prepositional object of the verb, a preposition is a part of the verb meaning and must always keep its place after its verb (PrepO): He was highly thought of in his village. She could feel she was being looked at.