2. Categories of Tissues Animals as Organisms Animal Tissues

3. Categories of Tissues Animals as Organisms Cells Tissues Muscles Organs Heart Systems Circulatory

4. Categories of Tissues Epithelium-Coverings/LiningsEpithelium Connective-Tissue to TissueConnective Muscle Nervous

5. Categories of Tissues Epithelium Lines, covers, and protects other tissues and organs. Characterized by: packed together –Cells tightly packed together basement membrane –The presence of a cell secretion called the basement membrane.

6. Categories of Tissues Epithelium Named by: –3 General Cell Shapes Squamous,Squamous,Squamous CuboidalCuboidalCuboidal ColumnarColumnarColumnar –Numbers of layers present

7. Categories of Tissues Squamous Epithelium Cells very thin, much wider than thick. –Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Squamous EpitheliumSimple Squamous Epithelium Air sacs of respiratory system Lining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatic tubes

8. Categories of Tissues Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium

9. Categories of Tissues Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium

10. Categories of Tissues Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium

11. Categories of Tissues Squamous Epithelium Cells very thin, much wider than thick. –Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous EpitheliumStratified Squamous Epithelium *Skin* Esophagus *Vagina* Mouth

12. Categories of Tissues Stratified Squamous Epithelium

13. Categories of Tissues Stratified Squamous Epithelium

14. Categories of Tissues Cuboidal Epithelium Cells cube shaped- secretion and absorption. –Kidney tubules –Ducts and small glands

15. Categories of Tissues Cuboidal Epithelium Cells cube shaped- secretion and absorption. –Kidney tubules –Ducts and small glands

16. Categories of Tissues Cuboidal Epithelium

17. Categories of Tissues Cuboidal Epithelium

18. Categories of Tissues Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells, much longer than they are wide. –Simple Columnar Epithelium Simple Columnar EpitheliumSimple Columnar Epithelium A single layer of cells that line the digestive tract, gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands. Has microvilli at surface for absorption.

19. Categories of Tissues Simple Columnar epithelium

20. Categories of Tissues Simple Columnar epithelium

21. Categories of Tissues Simple Columnar epithelium

22. Categories of Tissues Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells, much longer than they are wide. –Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitheliumPseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and some of the uterus. Propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action.

23. Categories of Tissues Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

24. Categories of Tissues Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

25. Categories of Tissues Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

26. Categories of Tissues Connective Tissue Characterized by the cells widely separated from each other in a matrix that is produced by the cells. Tissue protects and supports.

27. Categories of Tissues Connective Tissue Cell Matrix composed of two regions –Ground Liquid, Gel, Gum or Solid –Fibers Non-elastic (= white or Collagen) Elastic (= yellow fibers)

28. Categories of Tissues Types of Connective Tissue Loose (Areolar) Connective TissueLoose (Areolar) Connective TissueLoose (Areolar) Connective TissueLoose (Areolar) Connective Tissue Dense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue AdiposeAdiposeAdipose CartilageCartilageCartilage BoneBoneBone BloodBloodBlood

29. Categories of Tissues Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar) Gel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running though the ground in many directions. –Wraps and cushions organs –Attaches skin to underlying tissues –Suspends internal organs (mesentery)

30. Categories of Tissues Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

31. Categories of Tissues Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

32. Categories of Tissues Dense Regular Connective Tissue Nuclei and fibers arranged in parallel rows. –Fibers mostly non-elastic –Tendons connecting muscle to bone. –Ligaments connecting bone to bone

33. Categories of Tissues Dense Regular Connective Tissue

34. Categories of Tissues Adipose (Fat) Function as storage cells for adipose (lipids) Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids. Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane.

35. Categories of Tissues Adipose (Fat) Found in breasts, arms and thighs. Insulates the body and is used as padding

36. Categories of Tissues Adipose (Fat)

37. Categories of Tissues Cartilage Ground of matrix is gum like. Supports weight but is flexible Early vertebrate embryo composed of cartilage and replaced with bone.

38. Categories of Tissues Cartilage Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic. –Hyaline Cartilage –Hyaline Cartilage-example on the ends of bonesHyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage –Elastic Cartilage –Elastic Cartilage- example ear cartilageElastic CartilageElastic Cartilage –Non-elastic Cartilage- example nose cartilage.

39. Categories of Tissues Hyaline cartilage (Ends of Bones)

40. Categories of Tissues Elastic Cartilage

41. Categories of Tissues Bone –Has a hard, rigid matrix containing collagen, water and calcium carbonate. –Has blood supply and nerves running through the Haversian Canal systems.

42. Categories of Tissues Bone –Long bones (arms and thighs) consist of compact bone surrounding a marrow cavity. –Marrow produces either fat or blood cells.

43. Categories of Tissues Bone

44. Categories of Tissues Bone

45. Categories of Tissues Vascular Tissue (Blood) Found in a liquid matrix called plasma –90% water –10% Plasma proteins, electrolytes, hormones, oxygen, glucose etc. – Leaks into surrounding tissues bringing nutrients to tissues outside the bloodstream and picking up wastes.

46. Categories of Tissues Vascular Tissue (Blood) –Erythrocytes –Erythrocytes – Red blood cells. Contains hemoglobin. Used for carrying oxygen to the working cells where it is released. –Leukocytes –Leukocytes – White blood cells. Helps fight disease by, for example, ingesting harmful bacteria. –Platelets –Platelets -blood clottingPlatelets

47. Categories of Tissues Blood

48. Categories of Tissues Blood

49. Categories of Tissues Blood

50. Categories of Tissues Muscle Tissue Contains contractile proteins which allows the tissue to contract and therefore move. Muscles can be Involuntary and move on their own or Voluntary and must be commanded to move.

51. Categories of Tissues Muscle Tissue Movement allows for: –Locomotion –Posture –Movement of substance in body –Respiration –Heat Production

52. Categories of Tissues Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle-found around bones Skeletal Muscle-found around bones (Striated, voluntary) Parallel elongated cells (cylindrical shaped) Multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle. Light meat, Slow twitch muscle Dark meat, Fast twitch muscle

53. Categories of Tissues Skeletal Muscle

54. Categories of Tissues Skeletal Muscle

55. Categories of Tissues Skeletal Muscle

56. Categories of Tissues Muscle Tissue –Smooth Muscle –Smooth Muscle –Stomach and digestive system. –(No Striations, Involuntary) Cells are long and tapered (spindle shaped). Organized into sheets of muscle.

57. Categories of Tissues Smooth Muscle

58. Categories of Tissues Smooth Muscle

59. Categories of Tissues Muscle Tissue –Cardiac Muscle-Heart Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle (Striated, Involuntary) Intercalated disc Branched

60. Categories of Tissues Cardiac Muscle

61. Categories of Tissues Cardiac Muscle

62. Categories of Tissues Cardiac Muscle

63. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system which is composed of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which includes all the nervous tissue outside of the central system.

64. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue The peripheral system functions by keeping other tissues of the body in communication with the central system (CNS).

65. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue What are nerves? They're the thin threads of nerve cells, called neurons that run throughout your body. Bundled together, they carry messages back and forth just the way that telephone wires do.

66. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue Sensory nerves send messages to the brain and generally connect to the brain through the spinal cord inside your backbone. Motor nerves carry messages back from the brain to all the muscles and glands in your body.

67. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue

68. Categories of Tissues Nervous Tissue