1. The United States entered the Progressive Era from 1880 to 1920 when a variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age Industrialization led to a rise in urbanization, immigration, poverty, and dangerous working conditions City, state, and federal governments were seen as corrupt Corporate monopolies limited competition and workers’ wages

2. 1880-1900: Social Gospel movement  to honor God you need to help people Focus on trying to improve living and working conditions YMCA, Salvation Army Settlement houses – Jane Addams – Hull House in Chicago Florence Kelley - child labor laws

3. Changes for Women New laws will give women more legal rights Women are active in other successful reforms during the late 1800s and are inspired to demand greater rights for women Margaret Sanger – birth control

4. By the early 1900s, most western states allowed women to vote but women in the East could not vote In 1920, the 19 th Amendment gives women the vote

5. Prohibition (temperance) movement Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) – Carrie Nation 18 th Amendment (1919) – outlawed alcohol throughout the USA

6. Very little changes for African Americans Sharecroppers = poverty Literacy tests and poll taxes limited black voting Jim Crow segregation Plessy v Ferguson (1896) declared that segregation did not violate the 14 th amendment Lynching and violence were common

7. Black civil rights leaders were divided on how to address racial problems Booker T. Washington Tuskegee Institute  school to train black workers and teachers WEB DuBois National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

8. While women gained voting rights and labor laws… …African Americans were unable to end Jim Crow segregation, stop lynching, or gain economic equality But, black leaders in the Progressive Era inspired later generations to demand changes

9. Investigative journalists known as muckrakers exposed corruption, poverty, health hazards, and monopolies

10. Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives (1890): urban poverty and life in the slums Ida Tarbell’s The History of Standard Oil (1904): corruption of monopolies (especially Standard Oil) Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906): unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses

11. Politics were in need of reform Pendleton Act (1883): merit-based exams for government jobs City governments shift to city commissions and city managers Most state create commissions to oversee gov’t spending Referendum: citizens can vote to increase taxes for new programs Voting Reform Initiatives: citizens can make law Recalls: citizens vote to remove officials Direct primary elections Secret ballot 17 th Amendment (1913): direct election of Senators