1. Applications of Radioactive Ion Beams to Nuclear Physics, Medical and Material Sciences @ CERN-ISOLDE Facility Foro:Producción de Radioisótopos con Aceleradores de Partículas y sus Aplicaciones en Medicina Nuclear, Procesos Biológicos, Física y Química de Materiales February 16, 2015, Mexico City, Mexico Yacine.Kadi@cern.ch

2. OUTLINE 2  ISOLDE Facility  Physics Reach  Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

3. ISOLDE Facility at CERN 3

4. ISOLDE overall Layout 4 target zone beam from PSB ISOLDE HIE- ISOLDE cryogenics cooling RF ventilation experimental beam lines SC LINAC REX

5. ISOLDE: the ISOL-type RIB facility 5 Pulsed 1.4 GeV Proton beam

6. 6 Converter Target Standard Converter Target

7. ISOLDE TODAY OFFERS THE LARGEST RANGE OF AVAILABLE ISOTOPES WORLDWIDE 7

8. OUTLINE 8  ISOLDE Facility  Physics Reach  Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

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10. NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS 10 X-ray bursts (rp-process)Supernovae (r-process) Dominated by (p,  ) and ( ,p) reactions Direct (p,  ) or ( 3 He,d)/(d,n) as surrogate of (p,  ) (p,  ) as inverse of ( ,p) in proton- rich nuclei Dominated by (n,g) reactions - r-process pathway largely unknown - understanding of shell evolution important (d,p) as surrogate of (n,g) (J. Cizewski et al. NIMB 261 (2007) 938) Measurement of global properties such as the mass and lifetime far away from stability

11. ISOLTRAP: principle Determination of nuclear mass by measuring the cyclotron frequency: Ions are trapped in crossed magnetic and electric field The frequency of their motion is proportional to their mass A=100, B=6T +  1 MHz   1 kHz z  44 kHz A=100, B=6T +  1 MHz   1 kHz z  44 kHz

12. Combining high resolution nature of collinear beams method with high sensitivity of in-source spectroscopy. Allowing extraction of B factors and quadrupole moments.

13. PIONEERING STUDY OF 14 O ( ,P) 17 F IN TIME REVERSE KINEMATICS IS424 13 MINIBALL Key resonance identified using CD + Miniball systems  Tuneable energies required to apply time reverse technique to other key X-ray burster reactions eg 34 Ar(α,p) 37 K 17 F @ 2.4 MeV/u on (CH2)n beam CD detector

14. Breakdown of SSP & Bio Experiments @ ISOLDE 14

15. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments 15 Most experiments done offline. Collections made of ~ 10 11 atoms. Pictured is the “workhorse” collection chamber. If half-lives < 1 day then experiments usually done at ISOLDE; otherwise can be shipped to home institutes.

16. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments 16 Online diffusion chamber: High-vacuum chamber for tracer diffusion measurements has been constructed. Allows in-situ implantation, annealing, sectioning of the sample by ion-sputtering and measurement of sample Changing of samples without breaking vacuum Facilitates the study of radioactive isotopes for tracer diffusion studies with half-lives down to minutes.

17. Infrastructure for SSP + Life Sciences Experiments 17 Beta-NMR investigation of materials. Using polarised beams delivered from REX. Initially intended for biophysics, also possible for materials.

18. Recent Highlights I: New online Emission Channeling NEW pad-Si FAST 2D electron detector NEW cooling system down to 50K

19. Recent Highlights II: Multiferroic materials NEW: Pr 1-x Ca x MnO 3 Local probing of first- order dielectric phase transition below T co PRL100, 155702 (2008) NEW: LaMnO 3.12 Percolative transition on ferromagnetic insulator manganites: Unrelated to correlated polaron clusters PRB73, 100408 (2006) What we can learn: Competition between charge and orbital order Local distortions, polaron correlations and magneto- structural effects What we can learn: Competition between charge and orbital order Local distortions, polaron correlations and magneto- structural effects …for the next 3 years: TO BE STUDIED: Local environment in multiferroic compounds Manganites: R MnO 3 ( R= Y, Lu, Ho,Tb, Dy ) Nickelates: R NiO 3 ( R= Y, Lu ) TO BE STARTED: Spin-driven ferroelectricity Chromites: M CrO 2 ( M= Cu, Ag) Spinels: D Cr 2 X 4, ( D= Cd, Hg, Co, Fe and X=O, S, Se) Local Correlations of Magnetic and Multiferroic Compounds 30 Oct. 2009Y. Kadi

20. Recent Highlights III: Biophysics Study areas: Multiple metal ion binding sites in biomolecules (DNA, RNA, MTs) De novo designed proteins Metal ion mediated protein folding & misfolding In vivo PAC studies Johannsen, Paulus, Düpre, Müller, Sigel, J. Inorg. Biochem., 2008, 102, 1141-1151 Structure? Molecular wires based on metal-modified nucleic acids Zn 4  E - E c -1 (wheat) Ag(I), Hg(II), and Pb(II) coordination environments in metallothioneins (MTs) Aims : – Determining the coordination environments of Ag(I), Hg(II), and Pb(II) in the MT species formed by substitution of Zn(II) in several Zn-MT forms: Plant MTs and yeast CUP1 – Study different heavy metal/protein stoichiometries 30 Oct. 2009Y. Kadi

21. LOI 81 – “Cleaning Water” Functionalization of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles, namely by grafting dithiocarbamate (DTC) groups to the particles surface. Developments in Biophysics: nanoparticles & polarised beams Azurin – an example of a Cu(I)/Cu(II) dependent electron transporting protein 30 Oct. 2009Y. Kadi Cu(I)/Cu(II) are essential in many redox processes and electron transport in biology, e.g. in photosynthesis. Cu(I) is “invisible” in most (except X-ray and nuclear) spectroscopic techniques: a closed shell ion Measurements of spectroscopic properties (such as electric field gradients) for Cu(I) in proteins would have considerable impact in biophysics / bioinorganic chemistry Other element of particular interest: Zn (Again, Zn(II) is a closed shell ion).

22. OUTLINE 22  ISOLDE Facility  Physics Reach  Multi-Purpose Facility in Mexico

23. Centro de Excelencia en Física Médica Nuclear ISOL linac Neutron Applications Cyclotron 70 MeV, 1 mA Charge Breeder RFQSCL Nuclear Physics Experiments ISOL target Medical research Atom trap experiment proton 70 MeV 1mA 70kW UC x direct target Ion Source 1+ Fission Z-N Distribution ISOL target & yield Radio-Isotope Production

24. 24 Thank you

25. RESEARCH @ ISOLDE 25