1. MOISTURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE Mrs. Kummer Spring, 2016

2. First, The Atmosphere (Air)

3. 1.Troposphere: Surface to 12miles up: Contains most of our weather. 2.Stratosphere: Top of troposphere to about 31 miles above surface. Contains ozone layer and Jet stream. 3.Mesosphere: Top of Stratosphere to about 56 miles above surface. Gases thin out, but they are still thick enough to slow meteors. 4.Thermosphere: Top of Mesosphere to 375 miles above surface. Absorbs X-ray and UV rays from Sun. Also contains the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles that bounce radio signals back to Earth, allowing radio communication. Auroras also occur in the ionosphere. 5.Exosphere: outer layer of Earth’s atmosphere, extends to 6200 miles above Earth. Satellites orbit within this layer, and air molecules escape into space.

4. EVAPORATION/ CONDENSATION EVAPORATION:THE PROCESS OF CHANGING OF WATER INTO WATER VAPOR DOES THE HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE CONDENSATION:THE PROCESS OF CHANGING OF WATER VAPOR INTO WATER DOES THE COOLING OF THE ATMOSPERE LATENT HEAT: THE HIDDEN HEAT THAT IS RELEASED WHEN WATER CONDENSES AND RETURNS TO THE LIQUID STATE AND HEAT THAT IS ABSORBED DURING MELTING/EVAPORATION PROCESSES

5. HUMIDITY ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY:ACTUAL AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE RELATIVE HUMIDITY: RATIO BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IT CAN HOLD AT A PARTICULAR TEMPERATURE

6. FORMS OF CONDENSATION DEW FROST FOG AND MIST CLOUDS

7. DEW DEW POINT: TEMP WHERE AIR CANNOT HOLD ANY MORE WATER; IT IS SATURATED AIR MOSTURE DEPOSITED IN THE FORM OF WATER, FORMING ON: STONES GRASS BLADES PLANT LEAVES IDEAL CONDITIONS- CLEAR SKY,CALM AIR,HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY,COLD AND LONG NIGHTS.

8. FROST MOISTURE DEPOSITED IN THE FORM OF ICE CRYSTALS. WHEN CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE BELOW FREEZING POINT. IDEAL CONDITIONS- CLEAR SKY,CALM AIR,HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY,COLD AND LONG NIGHTS. AIR TEMPERATURE BELOW THE FREEZING POINT.

9. FOG AND MIST FOG IS A CLOUD WITH ITS BASE ON OR NEAR THE GROUND. MIST FORMS WHEN THE RISING WARM AIR UP THE SLOPES MEETS A COLD SURFACE. A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIST AND FOG IS THAT MIST CONTAINS MORE MOISTURE THAN THE FOG.

10. CLOUDS A CLOUD IS A MASS OF MINUTE WATER DROPLETS FORMED BY CONDENSATION OF WATER VAPOR IN FREE AIR AT CONSIDERABLE ELEVATION.

11. CLOUDS Clouds form by adiabatic temperature changes: Changes in temp solely by the expansion/compression of air Rising air cools at the rate of 1°C for each 100m The dew point drops 0.2°C for each 100m Temp and Dew Point are the same at 1000m Above that altitude, condensation begins and clouds form 1000m 500m Ground Air Temp = 20 °C Dewpoint = 12 °C Air Temp = 15 °C Dewpoint = 11 °C Air Temp = 10 °C Dewpoint = 10 °C Rising, Expanding, and Compressing/Cooling Air

12. PRECIPITATION THE FALLING OF WATER THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE TO THE EARTH SURFACE

13. FORMS OF PRECIPITATION RAIN FALL SNOW FALL SLEET HAIL STONE

14. RAINFALL THE PRECIPITATION IN THE FORM OF WATER CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE ABOVE FREEZING POINT

15. SNOW FALL THE PRECIPITATION IN THE FORM OF FINE FLAKES OF SNOW CONDENSATION TAKES PLACE BELOW FREEZING FREEZING POINT MOISTURE IS RELEASED IN THE FORM OF HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS THESE CRYSTALS FORM FLAKES OF SNOW

16. SLEET FROZEN RAINDROPS AND REFROZEN MELTED SNOW WATER WARM LAYER OF AIR LIES ABOVE COLD LAYER RAIN DROPS WHICH LEAVE THE WARM LAYER ENCOUNTER THE COLD AIR BELOW. AS A RESULT THEY SOLIDIFY AND REACH THE GROUND AS SMALL PELLETS OF ICE NOT BIGGER THAN THE RAIN DROPS FROM WHICH THEY ARE FORMED

17. HAILSTONE DROPS OF RAIN AFTER BEING RELEASED BY THE CLOUDS BECOME SOLIDIFIED INTO SMALL ROUNDED SOLID PIECES OF ICE FALLING RAINDROPS CARRIED AWAY BY STRONG CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS THEY GET COOLED AND SOLIDIFIED AND FALL AS HAILSTONES

18. TYPES OF RAIN CONVECTIONAL RAIN OROGRAPHIC RAIN CYCLONIC RAIN

19. CONVECTIONAL RAIN RAIN IS CAUSED BY CONVECTIONAL AIR CURRENTS COMMON IN EQUATORIAL REGIONS HEAVY RAIN ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTNING AND THUNDER

20. OROGARPHIC RAIN CAUSED BY RELEIF OR A MOUNTAIN WINDWARD SIDE RECEIVES MORE RAINFALL LEEWARDSIDE RECEIVES NO OR LESS RAINFALL

21. CYCLONIC RAIN CAUSED BY CYCLONE HEAVY RAIN ALONG THE COASTAL REGIONS CAUSES DEMAGES TO LIFE AND PROPERTIES