1. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p1 Contents Introduction Example: a diplomatic negotiation Principles of a layered model Connection oriented and connectionless communications Communication networks according to a layered model

2. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p2 Connection Oriented Communications Typical example: A telephone conversation 3 step process: 1. Establish connection using the signaling protocol 2. Use connection using an informal protocol being billed for duration of usage 3. Terminate connection using the signaling protocol

3. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p3 Connection Oriented Communications A temporary communication channel is built through the telephone network

4. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p4 Connection Oriented Communications Network has a state : the list of active connections Network can guarantee Quality of Service –Reservation of transmission capacity at connection establishment –Monitoring of data transfer and correction of transmission errors by retransmission Network is fragile : state can be lost. Application domain : –Very efficient for transferring high volumes of data –Mandatory if stringent Quality of Service requirements –Poor initial response times due to connection setup –Inapplicable if nodes have high failure rate.

5. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p5 Connectionless Communications Typical example: The postal service Letters, with an address and a stamp, are individually carried from a Post office box to a personal mailbox

6. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p6 Connectionless Communications No connections are needed to carry mail

7. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p7 Connectionless Communications The network is stateless. No guaranteed Quality of Service. –No reservation of transmission capacity –No error correction by retransmission Network is robust : –No state stored in any node –Each node operates almost independently from others Application domain : –Whenever single message response times are critical –Whenever nodes are unreliable

8. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p8 Connection Policy Layer independance Level (n+1) entity Level (n+1) entity Level (n) entity Level (n) entity Level (n-1) Service Provider Connection oriented protocol Connectionless protocol

9. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p9 Contents Introduction Example: a diplomatic negotiation Principles of a layered model Connection oriented and connectionless communications Communication networks according to a layered model

10. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p10 A two layers model. Applications Layer Networks Layer Connectivity Interoperability

11. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p11 A three layers model. Applications Layer Internet & Transport Layer Networks Layer Connectivity Interoperability

12. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p12 Internet & Transport Layers Applications Layer Internet Layer Transport Layer Networks Layer

13. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p13 Internet & Transport Layers Example Internet Layer Transport Layer Networks Layer WWW SKYNETUUNET TCP IP

14. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p14 Introduced concepts Layered communications system –protocol = horizontal convention –Service access point & address Connection Oriented vs. Connectionless Communications Applications and networks layers Connectivity : – service offered by lower layers Interoperability : –full communications services Internet & Transport layers

15. Postacademic Interuniversity Course in Information Technology – Module C1p15 Bibliography To know More about network modeling Fred Halsall Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems Fourth Edition Addison-Wesley 1995. ISBN 0-201-42293-X Recommended for this chapter