1. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Cheryl Goldenstein Jennifer Mayer June 10, 2006

2. What do we mean by visuals? photographs, paintings, drawings, animations, typography, graphic novels… anything man-made.

3. What do we mean by visual literacy? “The learned ability to interpret visual messages accurately and to create such messages.” Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, James. (1982). Instructional Media and the New Technologies of Instruction. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, James. (1982). Instructional Media and the New Technologies of Instruction. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

4. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Why use visuals in teaching?

5. Today’s learners are visually- oriented.

6. Visuals communicate

7. Visuals condense information

8. Information design: Tufte (1983, 1991, 1997, 2006) Visuals can condense lots of information

9. Visuals add emotional impact and demand attention.

10. Visuals promote critical thinking

11. Visuals are good for you.

12. Memory for pictures is better than memory for words Theories: picture superiority effect –Dual code: use both verbal & nonverbal memory to process images (Paivio, 1990) –Single code and sensory-semantic: we process images differently (Kosslyn, 1981; Nelson, 1979; et al) Dog

13. Text + images = learning Pick your theorist: Dual code processing Left brain / right brain Multiple intelligences Preferred learning styles Cognitive load theory

14. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Student projects may incorporate visuals

15. Sample presentations, ITEC 1000: Visual Literacy for Life & Learning, University of Wyoming Sample presentations, ITEC 1000: Visual Literacy for Life & Learning, University of Wyoming

16. Electronic Portfolio from Penn State, http://portfolio.psu.edu/gallery/index.html

17. Colorado State University Celebrate Undergraduate Research & Creativity Digital Showcase http://lib.colostate.edu/curc/

18. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Do librarians favor text over visuals?

21. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Yes, text is visual. But...

22. Robinson, D.H., Robinson, S.L., & Katayama, A.D. (1999). When words are represented in memory like pictures: evidence for spatial encoding of study materials. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24, 38-54. Text: Linear vs. spatial Graphic organizers aid learning

23. Text: typography and symbols easy way to incorporate “visuals” (Lohr, 2003) Wyoming To our friends in  Wyoming  : Greetings from Hawaii Hawaii

24. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein How can academic librarians use visuals? Bibliographic instruction presentations Library websites Tutorials Handouts

25. Incorporating visuals: instruction sessions Knowledge mapping Generated by instructor or students Opportunity for collaborative learning Brainstorming topics “mapping” papers or presentations UF

26. Penn State University Libraries (2002). Information Literacy & You. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/instruction/ infolit/andyou/infoyou.htm Brainstorming topics

27. Concept maps – hierarchical (Joseph D. Novak) Brown, D.S. (2003). High school biology: a group approach to concept mapping. The American Biology Teacher, 65(3), 192-197.

28. Illumine Training web site, http://www.mind-mapping.co.uk Mind Maps®—radiate from center (Tony Buzan)

29. Thinking Maps®--8 maps for different uses (David Hyerle) http://www.thinkingmaps.com

30. “Say Snoop, Have you heard about the power of UW Libraries?” “Alan, it’s common knowledge that the power of UW Libraries has all the hizzel for your dizzel fizzel shizzel!” David Kruger, UW Librarian ENGL 1010, 2003

31. Better ingredients = better pizza. Better research = better grades. Kruger, 2003

32. My topic is: RAP MUSIC CHILDREN –THE POSSIBLE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF RAP MUSIC AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CHILDREN. Kruger, 2003

33. Take advantage of existing visuals

34. Incorporating visuals: websites First impressions count. Principles: Simple layout Plenty of white space Large text Neutral background colors

35. Questions from Steve Krug What is this? What do they have here? What can I do here? Why should I be here and not somewhere else?

36. Incorporating visuals: websites

39. Websites and usability studies Get it testing Key task testing Krug, S. (2000). Don’t Make Me Think! Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Publishing.

40. University of Denver Penrose Library. http://library.du.edu/FindIt/HelpWithResearch/Tutorials /finding_articles.cfm Incorporating visuals: tutorials

42. Incorporating visuals: handouts

43. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Content, content, content Purpose? (Levin, 1981) Using visuals: some principles –Organizational –Interpretive –Transformational –Decoration (has little to do with cognition) –Representative

44. Decoration: attracts attention, motivates UCLA Libraries, http://www.library.ucla.edu/ bruinsuccess/

45. Representation: makes information more concrete Boolean: pineapples AND mangos

46. Organizational: shows relationships John R. Henderson, Ithaca College Library. http://www.ithaca.edu/library/ course/methodstoc.html

47. Interpretation: clarifies http://tip.uwyo.edu

48. Transformational: enhances memory of concept Bernie Dodge, San Diego State University. http://edweb.sdsu.edu/triton/sculpting/sculpting.html

49. More principles: color (Tufte and Lohr) Research on color & learning mixed Use colors from nature Muted colors for background, brighter colors for highlights

50. More principles: typography Some typefaces are easier to read than others Typefaces and learning? Research is mixed Some typefaces are easier to read than others Typefaces and learning? Research is mixed

51. Typography: recommendations Serif for extended text Sans serif for short text Georgia, Trebuchet, and Verdana designed for Web Serif for extended text Sans serif for short text Georgia, Trebuchet, and Verdana designed for Web

52. ALL CAPS DIFFICULT TO READ 12 pt for print and computer screens ½ inch or 36 pts for every 10 feet between screen and viewer ALL CAPS DIFFICULT TO READ 12 pt for print and computer screens ½ inch or 36 pts for every 10 feet between screen and viewer More principles: typography

53. Gestalt More principles: Gestalt Helps learner integrate information “Chunking” items (proximity, color) Highlighting what’s most important Hierarchy or shapes create path for learner

54. More principles: animation Not superior to static images Learner control of animation

55. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Potential problem areas Expertise Cost Image size (load time and screen size)

56. Potential problem areas Misinterpretation I am so ready for this! Cultural differences and sensitivities

57. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Recommended Reading Berger, John. Ways of Seeing,1972. Heinich, Robert, et. al. Instructional Media and the New Technologies of Instruction, 1982. Krug, Steve. Don’t Make Me Think!, 2006.

58. Incorporating Visual Literacy into Academic Libraries Jennifer Mayer Cheryl Goldenstein Recommended Reading Lohr, Linda L. Creating Graphics for Learning and Performance, 2003. Tufte, Edward R. Envisioning Information, 1990.