1. Objective: To become knowledgeable about and be able to explain some commonly used contraceptive (birth control) methods.

2. * To not engage in any sexual behavior that involves the exchange of bodily fluids: including vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse

3. * 100% effective for preventing pregnancy when used consistently. * 100% effective for preventing HIV and other STIs when used consistently. FREEFREE NO SIDE EFFECTS

4. * What is it? * Thin membrane made of latex or polyurethane that fits over the erect penis to catch semen when the male ejaculates during intercourse. * How effective? * 88% effective when used alone * 98% effective for preventing pregnancy when used with additional spermicide. * Very effective in reducing the risk of HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

5. * Pros: * There are no serious side effects. * Anyone can buy them without a prescription. * Protection against pregnancy, HIV, and other STIs * Cons * Side effects include possible allergic reactions to spermicide or latex.

6. * Check the package for expiration date!! * Open the package carefully (NOT WITH TEETH)! * Never use oil based lubricants with a condom, only water-based. * Put the condom on before sexual intercourse starts. * Place unrolled condom on the head of the erect penis. With one hand, squeeze the air out of the tip, and with the other hand, unroll the condom to the base of the penis. * DISPOSE of condoms in the trash, not the toilet. * DO NOT REUSE!!

7. Purchased at a drug store or supermarket. Condoms are free at some hospitals and clinics. $1-$2 each, depending on the number you buy. **USE EVERY TIME YOU HAVE SEX!**

8. * What is it? * A polyurethane pouch that fits inside the woman’s vagina. * Has a soft ring on each end. * The inner ring fits inside the vagina to hold the condom in place. * The outer ring stays on the outside of the vagina and partially covers the labia. 80% effective if used correctly You cannot use a male condom with a female condom!

9. * Pros * No serious side effects * Contains no hormones * Anyone can buy condoms without prescription * May be inserted hours before intercourse * Only birth control method by the woman that also protects against most STIs. * Cons * Side effects include possible allergic reactions to spermicide * May seem awkward to use * Not as effective and is more expensive than a male condom.

10. Can be purchased at any drug store. Anyone can purchase a female condom without a prescription $2.50 Each

11. * Contraceptive foam, gels, suppositories, and film contain chemicals that kill sperm. * Inserted into the vagina before intercourse and should be used with a condom. * 75% effective for pregnancy prevention if used alone. * 98% effective for pregnancy prevention if used WITH a condom. * Alone, offers little protection against HIV and other STIs.

12. Read the directions on the package. Foam or gel is inserted into the vagina before intercourse. Suppositories and films must be inserted 10-15 minutes before intercourse.

13. * Pros * There are no serious side effects * Anyone can purchase without prescription * Used with condom, this method is very effective for pregnancy and STI/HIV protection * Cons * Side effects include possible allergic reaction to chemicals in the product. * NOTE: The use of spermicides may irritate the skin of the vagina and penis and make it easier to contract HIV and other STIs

14. Anyone can purchase spermicides in a store without a prescription. $15-$18 per package **NOT VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN USED ALONE ~ ALWAYS USE WITH MALE CONDOM**

15. * What are they? How do they work? * Oral contraceptives or birth control pills (the pill) may contain estrogen, progesterone, or both, which are hormones similar to those made by a woman’s ovaries. * The hormones in the pill keep the ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from getting into the uterus. * It also thins the lining of the uterus so that implantation is less likely to occur.

16. * 99% effective for preventing pregnancy if taken every day. * The pill does not protect against HIV or other STIs. * Women take one pill orally the same time every day. * Most packs contain 4 weeks of pills. During the 4 th week the pills are hormone free – menstrual cycle. * After the last pill, she will start a new pack the next day.

17. * Very effective * A woman can predict when her period comes. * Menstrual periods are regular and are often shorter, lighter, less painful * Lower incidence of non- cancerous breast cysts or lumps * Lower incidence of cancer of the ovaries and lining of uterus. * Little or no weight gain. * Hormones increase the clotting factors in the blood – causing heart attack or stroke. * Smoking increases this risk. * Breast tenderness, headache, nausea, possible small weight gain, and spotting.

18. * A condom should be used along with birth control pills EVERY TIME YOU HAVE SEX. WHY? * $10-$50 per month depending upon insurance coverage and/or place of purchase They can be obtained at a doctor’s office or clinic and must be prescribed by a physician.

19. * What is it? * The shot (Depo Provera) is an injectable form of hormonal birth control. * Progesterone-only shot given every 3 months. * Keeps the ovaries from releasing eggs, and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from getting into uterus. * Also, thins the lining of the uterus – less likely for implementation to occur. * How effective is it? * 99% effective for preventing pregnancy if administered correctly and consistently every 3 months by a health care provider. * The shot does not protect against HIV and other STIs.

20. * Very effective * Fewer periods or no periods, less menstrual cramps * Lower incidence of cancer of the lining of the uterus. * Can be used by woman who cannot take estrogen. * Eventually, can cause menstrual periods to stop, normal. * Cause an increased risk for bone fractures or osteoporosis. Woman must take calcium supplement every day and do weight bearing exercise. * Recommended that the shot be used no more than 2 years * Irregular bleeding or spotting, increased appetite, weight gain, or headache.

21. * A woman must return to her clinician on time (every 3 months) for her injections. * Does not protect against HIV and other STIs. * A condom should be used along with the shot every time you have sex! The shot can be obtained at a doctor’s office or clinic and must be administered by a physician. $45-$90 per shot plus clinic visit (for 3 months) depending upon insurance and/or place of visit.

22. * What is it? * Brand name (Ortho- Evra)is a transdermal contraceptive patch that contains estrogen, progesterone, similar to birth control pills. * Thin, beige, flexible two inch square patch (like a band aid) worn on the body. * How does it work? * Releases a continuous low dose of hormones that keep the ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from getting into the uterus. * Also thins the lining of the uterus. Why?

23. * 99% effective for preventing pregnancy if used correctly. * Ortho Evra does not protect against HIV and other STIs. * Apply the patch once a week on the same day of the week for 3 weeks in a row. * Can be worn on the buttocks, upper torso, (not the breasts) or outside of the upper arm * Change the location each week. * During week 4 do not wear patch * Repeat process following week 4. $15-$35 per month depending upon Insurance and/or place of purchase.

24. * The patch is very effective * Only has to be changed once per week * A woman can predict when her period will come. * Hormones released can increase clotting factors – heart attack/stroke * Smoking increases risk * Side effects: breast tenderness, headache, nausea, weight gain, and spotting.

25. * What is it? * Implanon is a matchstick-size, flexible rod made of soft plastic that is implanted under the skin of the inner, upper arm. * How does it work? * Implants contain the hormone progestin, which prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus to block the sperm from reaching an egg and affecting the ability of sperm. * In some cases: can prevent ovaries from releasing eggs or thin uterine lining.

26. * Implants are highly effective * Long term, worry-free contraception * Minimal side effects * Quickly reversible – a woman can become pregnant soon after removal. * Possible incorrect insertion of implant, which can lessen effectiveness. * Pain with insertion and removal * Irregular periods are possible, especially within the first 6-12 months.

27. * $400-$800 for implantation * $100-$300 for removal after 3 years The implant can be obtained at a doctor’s office or clinic and must be inserted by a clinician.

28. * A diaphragm is a soft rubber cup, which is inserted into the vagina and fits over the cervix. * It keeps the sperm and eggs apart by forming a barrier between the sperm and the cervix. * The spermicides added to the diaphragm also kills sperm.

29. * 90% effective for pregnancy prevention if used correctly every time. * 98% effective for pregnancy prevention if used with a condom * Offers little or no protection against HIV and other STIs. * Put spermicidal gel or cream inside diaphragm cup * Insert into the vagina to cover the cervix, before intercourse * Must be left in place for 8 hours after intercourse * Can be washed an reused How to insert diaphragm

30. * The diaphragm is hormone- free. No serious health risks * May be inserted several hours before intercourse * One time cost – once you have it you can use it for several years. * Using a diaphragm is inconvenient. You must carry it with you and leave it in 8 hours after intercourse * Messy – you have to remove it, wash it, and dry it * Possible allergic reaction to spermicide or latex.

31. * Small, flexible device made of soft plastic. * There are two types of IUDs available: The Mirena, which contains the hormone progesterone and the Copper T which is made of plastic and copper. * IUDs prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus to block the sperm from reaching an egg. * The hormone in Mirena also keeps the ovaries from releasing eggs.

32. * 99% effective for preventing pregnancy if correctly in place * An IUD does not protect against HIV or other STIs. * Inserted into the uterus by a health care provider. * Can remain in place and be effective for 5-12 years, depending on the type. * Removed by health care provider at any time.

33. * The IUD is highly effective * Long-term, worry free contraception * Minimal side effects * Quickly reversible * Possible incorrect insertion of the IUD, which can lessen effectiveness * Pain with insertion and removal * Heavier, more painful periods with the Copper T * Possible hormone related side-effects with Mirena (headaches, weight gain) * IUD can slip out of place

34. * Nuva Ring contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone. * The ring releases a continuous low dose of hormones that keep the ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from getting into uterus. * Also thins the lining of the uterus.

35. * 99% effective for preventing pregnancy if used correctly. * The ring does not protect against HIV or other STIs * Insert the ring into the vagina and leave it there for 3 weeks. * Remove the ring for the 4 th week by hooking your finger under the rim of the ring and pulling down and out. * Insert a new ring after the one-week break.

36. * Very effective and very convenient. * A woman can predict when her period is coming * Menstrual periods are regular and often lighter and less painful * Lower incidence of non- cancerous breast cysts or lumps * Lower incidence of cancer of the ovaries and lining of the uterus * Little to no weight gain * Hormones increase the clotting factors in the blood and put women at a slightly higher risk for developing blood clots * Side effects: breast tenderness, headache, nausea, and spotting * Expensive

37. * What is it? * Consists of one or two pills, which contain the hormone progesterone, to be taken within 3-5 days after unprotected sex. * Brand names: Plan B & Ella * Preventing pregnancy * How effective? * EC will prevent pregnancy that would have occurred 85% of the time when taken as directed * Plan B is most effective when taken as soon as possible within 3 days. * Ella is equally effective for 5 days.

38. * EC can prevent a pregnancy that would have occurred 85% of the time after unprotected sex or after a condom failure * There have been no serious health risks with EC and most women have no side effects * Possible side effects include nausea, headache, or irregular bleeding

39. * EC does NOT cause an abortion. Emergency contraception interrupts the regular menstrual cycle, preventing a pregnancy from occurring. If a woman is already pregnant, EC will not disrupt an already established pregnancy.

40. * EC is available at most pharmacies BEHIND THE COUNTER. * Either men or women can purchase EC. * YOU DO NOT NEED A PRESCRIPTION IF… * You are 17 years old (18 in some states) * You can show the pharmacist a state issued ID * $45-$50