1. IC 3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core Certification Computing Fundamentals Lesson 1 What Is a Computer?

2. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 12 Objectives Define a computer. Identify how computers are used in our daily lives. Compare the types of computers. List the parts of a computer system. Explain how the Internet, the World Wide Web, E-mail, and networks affect the use of computers.

3. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 13 What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that Receives _____. ________ the data it receives. ________ the data in memory or on some storage device such as a disk or CD. _________ a ________.

4. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 14 The Processing Cycle of a Computer This figure shows the typical processing cycle of a computer. Once it receives a set of data, the computer processes it and produces a result at the end of the cycle.

5. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 15 What Does a Computer Do? As complex as some computers may be, they all essentially perform only three operations: ________________, such as addition, subtraction, and so on. ___________, such as comparing two values and taking some action based on the result of the comparison. _________ and ________ operations, such as writing data to disk and getting it back when it is needed again.

6. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 16 Why Are Computers Popular? Although computers only perform the basic operations discussed on the last slide, they Perform those functions very quickly. Produce accurate and reliable results. Store large amounts of data. Provide versatility through various applications. Provide cost-effective applications. Are becoming more powerful and easier to use.

7. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 17 How Are Computers Used? Computers have changed everyone’s lives and are used every day for Banking: Online banking is very popular. Shopping: Millions of people use the Internet and dial-up sites every day to purchase goods and services. Homework: Students have instant access to tremendous research and information resources via the Internet. Managing businesses: Computers are used to track inventory, print invoices, track payments, and do just about anything a business needs to do.

8. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 18 Types of Computers There are several types of computers suited for a variety of uses, including __________________: Commonly called personal computers or desktop computers. ____________: Smaller and more portable than a desktop; commonly called a laptop. ___________: Personal Digital Assistants are very small and fit in the palm of your hand. ___________: Larger than a desktop and much more expensive, but can support many users. ___________________: Large, very expensive machines that can support thousands of users; used by large corporations.

9. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 19 Types of Personal Computers These figures show the most common types of personal computers. Desktop Computer NotebookPDA

10. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 110 What Is a Computer System? A computer requires a combination of several parts to do its work. A computer system consists of ____________: The physical devices such as keyboard, monitor, CPU, and so on. _____________: Operating systems and application programs. __________: The facts entered into a computer to be processed. _____________: The users who enter the data and use the resulting output.

11. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 111 Common Hardware Components This figure shows the typical hardware components that make up a modern desktop computer system. CPU unit, including circuit boards, memory, processor, and disk drives Keyboard Mouse Monitor

12. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 112 What Is Data Communications? Data communications (DC) is the technology that allows computers to talk to each other. DC has made the Internet, e-mail, online shopping, and other processes possible. There are four components of DC: ____________: The computer sending a message. ____________: The computer receiving the message. ____________: The media that carries the message. _____________: The rules that govern the processing of a message between computers.

13. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 113 The Data Communications Components This figure shows the four components of data communications. Computer A sends a message to Computer B. The message travels via the channel, following the rules defined by the protocol being used so that each computer can understand the message.

14. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 114 Network Systems Businesses utilize a type of data commun- ications called a network. A network consists of multiple computers connected to each other to share data and resources. Data and software programs are usually stored on a central computer called a server. When the network computers are located in the same general area, such as the same building or a department, it is called a local area network.

15. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 115 A Typical Network Layout This figure shows a typical network layout. The client or user computers are connected to a hub, which is also connected to the server. Client or user computers Data and programs are stored on the server. All clients can access data and programs through the server and can ac- cess the printer at- tached to the server. Hub

16. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 116 The Internet The Internet evolved from a government research project that enabled the military and scientists around the world to share information. Today it is the largest network in the world. It is used daily by millions of computer users. It has become a critical and valuable business tool used by businesses of all sizes.

17. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 117 The Internet in the United States The Internet connects thousands of computers all around the world. The figure below shows an illustration of how it connects computers across the United States. There are a series of hubs or routing points that computers send messages to, and they in turn send the message out again to the next leg on its journey.

18. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 118 Electronic Mail Electronic mail, more commonly known e-mail, has exploded in popularity over the last several years. It enables users around the world to communicate almost instantly with another user in any part of the world. The figure at right shows a fairly typical e-mail message. A message is sent from someone, to someone, about some subject. Message text

19. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 119 Other Types of Networks In addition to the networks already discussed, there are also some other types in common use today: Wide area network: This is a local area network spread over a wider region such as a city, state, or country. Intranet: This is a network set up for employees of a business or students at a university that is not accessible to users outside of those institutions. Extranet: This is typically an intranet that allows certain users, such as suppliers or customers, to access the internal network.

20. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 120 Summary A computer is an ___________ that __________ data, ________ data, and _________ data to produce a _______. The first computers were used by the __________ and __________ installations. The first personal computer was sold in _______. Computers can be found in almost every aspect of our lives.

21. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 121 Summary (continued) There are different types of computers including __________, ___________computers, _______ digital assistants, _________ computers, and supercomputers. Computers are classified by _______, _________, and ___________.

22. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 122 Summary (continued) A computer system consists of the following components: __________: Tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched. ___________: The intangible set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. This set of instructions is called a software program. _______: The information entered into a computer to be processed. _________: The users who enter the data and use the output.

23. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 123 Summary (continued) Data communications is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one machine to another. The four components of data communications are as follows: _________: The computer that is sending the message. __________: The computer receiving the message. _________: The media that carries or transports the message. This could be telephone wire, coaxial cable, microwave signal, or fiber optic. ___________: The rules that govern the orderly transfer of the data sent.

24. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 124 Summary (continued) A _____ ____ ________ connects multi-ple computers within a building. It allows the sharing of data and resources. The Internet was originally devel- oped so information could be shared by government researchers around the world.

25. What Is a Computer? - Lesson 125 Summary (continued) __________ is the most common exper-ience most people have with the Internet. It lets us send messages from one computer to another locally and around the world. The World Wide Web is a huge data- base of information that allows public access.