1. Food & Nutrition

2. Mr. Lohmann as a farmer!

3. Nutrition  Nutrients: What the body needs to grow, repair the body, and obtain energy  The body requires over 40 different nutrients  Metabolism: Process that the body uses to release energy from nutrients  The amount of energy released from food is referred to as a calorie.  Appetite: A desire for food or drink  Hunger: A physical need for food or drink

4. Calories  In scientific terms, a calorie is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius from a standard initial temperature. A nutritionist's calorie is defined as a unit of energy- producing potential equal to this quantity of heat that is contained in food and released upon oxidation by the body.  You just need to know that a calorie is the amount of energy released from nutrients.  How many calories are in Carbohydrates, Proteins & Fats?

5. Calories cont.  1 gram of Carbohydrate = 4 calories  1 gram of Protein = 4 calories  1 gram of Fat = 9 calories  What’s more efficient? Carbs & Proteins or Fat?

6. How to Calculate  Teddy Grahams – “Cars” snack (one serving=12 pieces)  4 grams of Fat  22 grams of Carbohydrates  2 grams of Protein  How many calories in one serving?

7. Six Basic Nutrients  Carbohydrates  Protein  Fats  Vitamins  Minerals  Water

8. Carbohydrates  Excellent source of energy  Two Types of Carbohydrates-  Simple – Sugars (glucose)  Complex – Starches (Chains of sugars)  Carbohydrates are broken down by the body to form glucose which is used for energy  When too many Carbs are taken in…what is glucose converted to and where is it stored in the body?

9. Fats  Saturated Fat – Found in animals  Unsaturated Fat – Found in Fish, nuts, etc.  Polyunsaturated  Monounsaturated  Trans-Fat – Found in Fried Food  Hydrogenated Fat – Found in Shortening and Margarine  Essential to have in the diet for growth and development.

10. “The Better Fats Sisters”

11. “The Fats Brothers”

12. Proteins  Aid in the growth and repair of the body (a good portion of the human body is made up of proteins)  The “Links” in the protein chains are called Amino Acids  Amino Acids are broken down through digestion and distributed in the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, they are absorbed and reassembled by the body’s cells.  There are 9 essential Amino Acids that the body needs

13. Vitamins  Do not provide energy  Instead…they help with the break down and use of other nutrients  Most Vitamins are obtained through the food we eat  Fat Soluble – A, D, E, & K  Can be stored by the body  Water Soluble – B1, B2, B6, B12, Folate, Pantothetic Acid, Biotin, & C  Cannot be stored by the body  Antioxidants – Vitamins that help protect healthy cells from damage. May protect from certain kinds of cancer.

14. Minerals  Obtained through eating plants which have absorbed minerals from the rocks and soil  Six important Minerals in significant amounts:  Calcium  Magnesium  Phosphorus  Sodium  Potassium  Chlorine

15. Minerals cont.  Only need trace amounts of:  Fluorine  Iodine  Iron  Sulfur  Copper  Zinc  Iron is necessary for red blood cells. Helps with Hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to your cells  Not enough Iron can result in Anemia, which results in the body feeling weak and tired.

16. Water  Does not give the body energy, but does assist in energy production in the body  65% of the body is made of water  Helps regulate body temperature  Carries Electrolytes to help maintain the electric impulses across cell membranes  Carries dissolved waste from the cells and out the body  Loss of bodily fluids can lead to dehydration

17. Daily Values (Nutrients)  Total fat Less than 65 g  Saturated fat Less than 20 g  Trans fat Less than 2 g  Cholesterol Less than 300 milligrams (mg)  Total carbohydrate 300 g  Fiber At least 25 g  Sodium Less than 2,400 mg  Potassium 3,500 mg

18. Daily Values cont.  Biotin 0.3 mg  Calcium 1,000 mg  Copper 2 mg  Folic acid 0.4 mg  Iron 18 mg  Magnesium 400 mg  Niacin 20 mg  Pantothetic acid 10 mg  Phosphorus 1,000 mg  Protein 50 g  Riboflavin 1.7 mg  Thiamin 1.5 mg  Vitamin A 5,000 international units (IU)  Vitamin B-12 6 micrograms  Vitamin B-6 2 mg  Vitamin C 60 mg  Vitamin D 400 IU  Vitamin E 30 IU  Zinc 15 mg

19. Key Terms to know