2. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. 3 points

3. Erie Canal –Linked the Atlantic coast with the Great Lakes Rise of New York City –Being located at the end of the canal system caused businesses in New York to rise. Infrastructure development. –Road building enabled Americans to transport goods. Infrastructure development. –River travel provided the country’s major transportation routes –Canals – artificial waterways. –Development of the steam boat allowed Americans to transport. –Railroads – an efficient way to pull more goods and transport more people.

4. Infrastructure development. –Communications – the federal government expanded the its postal service. Regularly scheduled long distance mail improved communications between individuals & businesses.

5. SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it. a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets. 2 points

6. b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny. 2 points c. Describe reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school. 3 points d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference. 2 points

7. d. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism. 4 points

8. Impact of the Industrial Revolution –The effort to increase production by using machines instead of animals. –Led to a Rise in manufacturing –Impact of increased profits –Birthed the textile industry. Look up power loom, spinning jenny, Interchangeable parts – parts are made to the exact same standard The Cotton (En- “Gin”) – a machine that separated the seeds from raw cotton fiber. –Profit per pound of cotton skyrocketed. –Many southerners depended on cotton as their major crop. –New land was sought for larger cotton crops. –The demand for slaves more than doubled.

9. Impact of the Industrial Revolution –Increased farming led to the invention of the John Deer’s steel plow. –Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper enabled farmers to harvest their grain more quickly before it spoiled. Industrialization led to urbanization in the north – more people began to work in factories. More laborers in factories eventlally led to labor disputes and the rise of labor Unions. The Cotton Belt – with the growth of farming and cotton in the south the slavery system increased. Slave revolts – –Versey’s Plan –Turner’s Rebellion – led a rebellion that killed more than 50 white people

10. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine. 2 points

11. The Monroe Doctrine –The United States would not become involved in internal affairs of the European nations nor would it take sides in wars among them. –The U.S. recognized the existing colonies and states in the Western Hemisphere and would not interfere with them. –The U.S. would not permit any further colonization of the Western Hemisphere –Any attempt by a European power to take control of any nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as hostile action towards the U.S.

12. Andrew Jackson – –In the election of 1824 he won the most electoral votes but not a majority. –Henry Clay used his influence to swing the votes of the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams. –Adams made Clay his “Secretary of State.” –Jackson won the election in 1828 as the common man, a man of the people. –Jackson introduced the “spoils system.” –He believed in limited government The Tariff Crisis of 1828 – Congress passed a tax on foreign imports designed to boost American manufacturing. –The tariff benefitted the north but forced the south to pay higher prices for goods. Nullification – The southern states felt that they could nullify or reject federal laws that they judged to be unconstitutional. States Rights – powers that the Constitution neither gives to the federal government or deny to states.

13. Andrew Jackson States Rights – powers that the Constitution neither gives to the federal government or deny to states –Because the states created the federal government states have the right to nullify its acts or even secede –Secede – withdraw from the union. Indian removal Act – president Jackson authorized the removal of the Native Americans from the east to land in the Louisiana territory. –Trail of Tears Reform Movements - –Protestant movement Charles Finney Lyman Beecher –Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau The Temperance Movement – an organize campaign to reduce alcohol consumption

14. Women’s Rights movement– Seneca Falls Convention –Women’s suffrage –Elizabeth Cady Stanton –“Declaration of Sentiments” pg.330 – Abolitionist Movement Colonization of Liberia –American Colonization Society. William Lloyd Garrison –“The Liberator” Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman – underground railroad Grimke’ sisters Harriet Beecher Stowe –“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN –”–”

15. Economical Panic of 1819 – U.S. experienced its first depression Advancements of education & the arts –Benjamin Banneker –Phyllis Wheatley –Webster’s dictionary was written The Second Great Awakening –Evangelical movement emphasizing The Bible as final authority Salvation only through Jesus Christ Transformed life Social

16. Economical Panic of 1819 – U.S. experienced its first depression The Second Great Awakening –New denominations developed –African Americans turned to faith in Christ –Negro spirituals developed Social

17. TERRITORIAL U.S. acquires Florida –1795 Spain & U.S. agreed to Pinckney's Treaty. –Southern border of the U.S. was set at 31 o N. latitude giving Florida to Spain. –Spain & the U.S. agreed to control the native Americans within their territory –ADAMS-ONIS TREATY - Spain Spain & the U.S. agreed to control the native Americans within their territory Government pushed native Americans further into the Louisiana territory. Native America Relations Native America Relations

18. TERRITORIAL U.S. acquires Florida – –ADAMS-ONIS TREATY – Spain cedes Florida. Manifest Destiny – the U.S has a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent. Oregon Trail – the main route across the rocky Mountains to Oregon Spain & the U.S. agreed to control the native Americans within their territory Government pushed native Americans further into the Louisiana territory. Seminole Wars – Andrew Jackson swept through Florida burning down Seminole villages. Native America Relations Native America Relations

19. TERRITORIAL Mormon Migration –Salt Lake City, Utah California Gold Rush – Mexico won their Independence from Spain. Stephen Austin settled in Texas in 1822 Mexico initially encouraged immigration It passed a law prohibiting further immigration & it outlawed slavery. Battle of the Alamo – Texas lost. Spain & the U.S. agreed to control the native Americans within their territory Government pushed native Americans further into the Louisiana territory. Seminole Wars – Andrew Jackson swept through Florida burning down Seminole villages. Native America Relations Native America Relations

20. TERRITORIAL Battle of the Alamo – Texas lost. In a battle @ San Jacinto River the Texans captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign the Treaty of Velasco recognizing the Republic of Texas. Spain & the U.S. agreed to control the native Americans within their territory Government pushed native Americans further into the Louisiana territory. Seminole Wars – Andrew Jackson swept through Florida burning down Seminole villages. Native America Relations Native America Relations

21. ECONOMICAL INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – an era that led to production by machines instead of human labor. –Birth of U.S. Textile mills –Interchangeable parts – Eli Whitney – Invention of the Cotton Gin. –BUILDING OF ROADS –Building of canals – The Erie Canal linked the Atlantic coast with the Great Lakes. –Building of Railroads Industrialization of the North Manufacturing Urbanization Labor Disputes & Factions The First Labor Union – Nations Trade Union Economy of the South Cotton belt Slow urban growth Increased slavery Turner’s Rebellion - Nat Turner killed more than 50 white people. ECONOMICAL / SOCIAL ECONOMICAL / SOCIAL

22. POLITICAL James Monroe / president – –Established the “Monroe Doctrine” pg. 292 Andrew Jackson becomes president – The “man of the people.” –Introduced the “spoils system.” –Tariffs of 1828– – concept of nullification –States Rights– –Secession (secede_ - withdraw from the union. –Indian Removal Act “Trail of Tears” Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears Native American Relations Native American Relations

23. SOCIAL Protestant Revivals – poverty, alcoholism, illiteracy, overcrowded housing, poor health care, abuse of women & declining moral values. –Charles Finney –Lyman Beecher Transcendentalists – taught that the process of spiritual discovery & insight would lead a person to truths more profound than he or she could reach through reason. –Ralph Waldo Emerson– –Henry David Thoreau Temperance Movement Public Education Horace Mann –Abolitionist Movement Colonization of Liberia –American Colonization Society. William Lloyd Garrison –“The Liberator” Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman – underground railroad Social

24. SOCIAL Women’s Rights movement– Catherine Beecher - advised women on how to reformed society from home. Poor women went to work in factories. Women began to participate in the abolitionist movement. –Abolitionist Movement Colonization of Liberia –American Colonization Society. William Lloyd Garrison –“The Liberator” Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman – underground railroad Grimke’ sisters Harriet Beecher Stowe –“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN” Social

25. SOCIAL Women’s Rights movement– Seneca Falls Convention –Women’s suffrage –Elizabeth Cady Stanton –“Declaration of Sentiments” pg.330 Transcendentalists –Ralph Waldo Emerson– –Henry David Thoreau Temperance Movement Public Education Horace Mann –Abolitionist Movement Colonization of Liberia –American Colonization Society. William Lloyd Garrison –“The Liberator” Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman – underground railroad Grimke’ sisters Harriet Beecher Stowe –“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN” Social

26. SOCIAL Women’s Rights movement– Seneca Falls Convention –Women’s suffrage –Elizabeth Cady Stanton –“Declaration of Sentiments” pg.330 Transcendentalists –Ralph Waldo Emerson– –Henry David Thoreau Temperance Movement Public Education Horace Mann –Abolitionist Movement Harriet Beecher Stowe –“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN” –Gag rule instituted in the south prevented anti-slavery material from being read or acted on in government for eight years. –Growing division between the North & the South Social

27. Movement Towards the Civil War Movement Towards the Civil War –Growing division between the North & the South Expansion of Slavery –Manifest Destiny –Annexation of Texas –Mexican / American war was declared in a dispute over the Texas border. –The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo Mexico gave up Texas, New Mexico & California Expansion of Slavery Gadsden purchase. –Wilmot Proviso Provided that no territory acquired from Mexico can be used for slavery. The amendment was rejected. –The effect of the Missouri Compromise. –The Compromise of 1850 Movement Towards the Civil War Movement Towards the Civil War