1. GENETIC ENGINEERING

2. What does something that has been genetically engineered mean?

3. SELECTIVE BREEDING OBJ: Identify the purpose of selective breeding and explain why breeders try to induce mutations (including techniques)

4. Imaginary Apple Stations  Observe  Color  Shape  Size  Texture  Any other important trait

6. Selective Breeding  What is Selective Breeding?

7. Selective Breeding  What is Selective Breeding?  Method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organism with desired characteristics to produce the next generation  Examples: Dogs, Chickens, Agriculture

8. Examples of Selective Breeding

9. Problems with Selective Breeding

10. Hybridization  What is Hybridization?

11. Hybridization  What is Hybridization?  Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

12. Examples of Hybridization  Example: disease resistant plant with a high fruit producer

13. Inbreeding  Why?  To keep the desired characteristics, breeders use inbreeding  How  This involves the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics (to keep the traits wanted)

14. Inbreeding  Why?  To keep the desired characteristics, breeders use inbreeding  How  This involves the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics (to keep the traits wanted)

15. Example of Successful Inbreeding  Pure Dogs!

16. Problems with Inbreeding  Higher chance of bringing together recessive alleles, blindness, joint deformities, etc.

17. Advantages of Genetic Engineering  Feeding population  Helping correct genetic disorders

18. Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering  Crop Failure  Health Hazards of GMO’s  Ethical Issues

19. Assignment- In pairs  Choose something an organism (other than a human) that you want to selectively breed.  Send one person to have your item approved  Create an advertisement selling your new genetically modified item. Be sure to include:  Why did you chose what you did?  What do you expect the outcome to be? Include characteristics

20. Ticket out the Door  Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper and hand in for class credit.  What is an example of selective breeding?  How do mutations relate to selective breeding?  How would a breeder induce genetic variation?

21. Ticket out the Door  Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper and hand in for class credit.  What is an example of selective breeding?  How do mutations relate to selective breeding?  How would a breeder induce genetic variation?

22. Ticket out the Door  Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper and hand in for class credit.  What is an example of selective breeding?  How do mutations relate to selective breeding?  How would a breeder induce genetic variation?

23. Create a “Wordle”  www.wordle.net www.wordle.net

24. MANIPULATING DNA OBJ: Explain how scientists manipulate DNA

25. Manipulating DNA  Genetic engineering is making changes in the DNA code of an organism  Scientists can change DNA  knowledge of the structure  make-up of the DNA molecules

26. Manipulating DNA  DNA is cut into smaller pieces  the sequence of bases required is identified  numerous copies of the sequence are made

27. Tools of Molecular Biology  DNA extraction: cells are opened (lysis) and the DNA is separated from the other parts of the cell (before cell enzymes destroy it)

28. Tools of Molecular Biology  Cutting DNA: use restriction enzymes (cut the DNA into smaller pieces)  hundreds are known, and each cuts the DNA strand at a different sequence (must match exactly )

29. Tools of Molecular Biology  Separating DNA: gel electrophoresis separates the DNA fragments according to the number of base pairs in the fragment

30. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ge/m6/s1/assets/images /gem6s1_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structur e/ge/m6/s1/gem6s1_1.htm&usg=__- BwCFT9DTmm7dWxNctITL8Des00=&h=274&w=411&sz=17&hl=en&start=0&zoom= 1&tbnid=OiToljTQU- m0iM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=172&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcutting%2Bdna%26hl%3Den %26biw%3D1935%26bih%3D826%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=hc& vpx=611&vpy=220&dur=1140&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=185&ty=53&ei=MznGTP61 J4H-8Aaol8StDw&oei=MznGTP61J4H- 8Aaol8StDw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=47&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0 http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4964648_dna-extraction-work.html http://www.biologyreference.com/Dn- Ep/Electrophoresis.html

31. Gel Electrophoresis  A mixture of DNA fragments are placed into a porous gel at one end

32. Gel Electrophoresis  Electric voltage is applied to the gel and the power turned on moved the DNA (negatively charged) move toward the positive end of the gel  The smaller the fragment, the farther it will travel through the gel

35. Uses for Gel Electrophoresis  Identification for bodies  Disputed parentage  Convict/acquit accused individuals  DNA Fingerprints

36. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel / Gel Electrophoresis Lab

37. Using the DNA Sequence  Cutting and Pasting: combining DNA from different sources = recombinant DNA  Making Copies: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) involves making multiple copies of a gene cut from the DNA strand  DNA polymerase uses base pairing to make multiple copies of the gene from the DNA strand (using each side as a template)

38. Transgenic Organisms  Contain genes from other species  Genes from one organism are inserted into the cells of another organism, then used to grow new organisms

39. http://www.mnn.com/green- tech/research-innovations/photos/12- bizarre-examples-of-genetic- engineering

41. Ethics and Genetic Engineering  app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid /15AFE418-71E2-4DA8-A544-FCE9C2537599 http:// app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid /15AFE418-71E2-4DA8-A544-FCE9C2537599 http://  Stem Cell Research: taking a fertilized cell and harvesting the cells to use for research of organ growth, or cloning (removing the nucleus of an egg cell to fuse it with a cell from another organism) – possible suffering of genetic defects and health problems, bringing back extinct species

43. Ethics and Genetic Engineering  Genetically Modified Organisms: choosing genes for organisms; “perfect species/race”

50. DNA Fingerprinting  No two individuals have the same DNA  Looks at sections of DNA that has no function  Can be obtained from blood, sperm, or hair with tissue at the base

51. http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/genie/vgec/gs/lawfingerprint.html