1. TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Vocabulary

2. GENE EXPRESSION the appearance in a phenotype characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene

3. MUTATIONS A change in the genetic material of a cell Can be harmful or beneficial Mutagen- causes the change such as radiation, smoking, disease etc

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATIONS Point mutation

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATIONS Frameshift

6. RNA POLYMERASE Links together nucleotides during transcription using DNA as a template

7. RNA INTERFERENCE RNAi is a silencing complex. Stops gene expression by turning off the gene. http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/lsps07.sci.life.gen.rnai/rnai-discovered/

8. POLYPLOIDY Organisms has an extra set of chromosomes Polyploidy plants are usually bigger and stronger

9. REGIONS ON GENES Exons coding regions on genes Introns noncoding regions on genes

10. During transcription, the entire gene is copied into a pre-mRNA, which includes exons and introns. During the process of RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons joined to form a contiguous coding sequence.

11. OPERON A group of genes that are regulated together. They usually have a related function. Lac Operon turns off expression by binding to the operator.

12. REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES PROMOTER Site where transcription can begin. Helps RNA polymerase bind to gene site to start process. OPERATOR Blocks or stops transcription

13. REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES CONT. TATA Box A TATA box is a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded. It is a type of promoter sequence, which specifies to other molecules where transcription begins

14. HOMEOTIC GENES Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.

15. HOMEOTIC GENES Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.

16. HOMEOTIC GENES Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.