1. Human Inheritance

2. Family Trees

3. Pedigrees - Analyzing patterns of inheritance in existing families. - How to determine genotype based on phenotype due to family relationships. Shaded colors of square / circle represent that the individual has the particular phenotype.

4. A heterozygous or hybrid individual might be shown with a grey coloring, or half of the square / circle shaded and the other half unshaded.

5. Family Trees (cont.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYlJH81dSiw

6. Autosomal Dominant -Presence of at least one dominant allele causes expression of dominant phenotype -No “normal” carriers; trait cannot “skip” generations -Ex. Huntington’s Disease

7. Autosomal Recessive -Presence of both recessive alleles causes expression of recessive phenotype -Can have “normal” carriers; trait can “skip” generation -Ex. Tay-Sachs

8. Sex-linked -Transmitted on X/Y and not chromosomes 1-22 -Males are particularly susceptible to sex-linked diseases compared to females -Ex. Hemophilia

9. Chad and Veronica got married and had Brittany, Kristin, and Harry. It was discovered that Harry had muscular dystrophy. Brittany married Larry and had Stephan and Stephanie. Stephanie also had muscular dystrophy. Larry’s brother Barry also had muscular dystrophy but neither of their parents had the disorder. Draw a pedigree that includes Larry’s family Label all genotypes you can infer, leave ambiguous genotypes as “??”.

10. Crossing Over and Variation Crossing over: homologous chromosomes trade information during prophase I Multiple genes can be on the same chromosome; makes it more likely for these genes to be passed on together Linkage group: all of the genes on the same chromosome Genes that are closer together are more likely to be passed together

11. Altered Chromosomes Chromosomes can become altered via errors in replication, meiosis, or chemical exposure Four main types –Deletion: section of a chromosome gets deleted –Duplication: section of a chromosome gets duplicated –Inversion: sections of a chromosome get inverted –Translocation: sections of chromosome get attached to other chromosomes