1. TODAY Kiesling, “Power and the Language of Men” Discuss power, role play activity Seven types of power, media examples Discuss ideology and constraint, write/pair/share Expert-led small groups Recap and preview

2. POWER AND THE LANGUAGE OF MEN Scott Kiesling

3. Power Defined Power is “action that modifies action” ◦ I.e. the ability to make others do things  Power must be relevant to the situation; people have to believe in it  May be illusory (not “real”) People have power because they occupy certain roles

4. In Pairs (find a new partner) Write a dialogue in which one of you will play a role of a power-holder and the other will play the role of a subordinate. ◦ Up to interpretation what exactly those roles look like ◦ Try to make it as realistic as possible (not a caricature)

5. Demeanor Power Being liked Being a “good guy” or a “nice girl”

6. Structural Power ◦ Place in a hierarchy

7. Economic Power Reward Possibility of another action (a la barter)

8. Physical Power Coercive Ability ◦ Similar to demeanor

9. Knowledge Power ◦ Gaining knowledge to act

10. Nurturant Power ◦ Power from helping another

11. Ideological Power ◦ Shapes what will be considered powerful and valuable

12. DOES KIESLING LEAVE ANY OUT?

13. 7 Types of Power 1. Demeanor Power 2. Structural Power Economic Power 4. Physical power 5. Knowledge Power 6. Nurturant Power 7. Ideological Power

14. IDEOLOGY The set of ideas and values that structure our social relationships, usually in a way that gives more power to some people and less to others

15. Constraining and Creating Identity Kiesling claims: The fraternity’s ideology and the speech situation constrain the identities the members can choose. ◦ Each member is “free” to create an identity through speech. ◦ But the freedom of choices is constrained by three things:  The fraternity’s ideology  The immediate situation  The member’s personal history ◦ Each member has different “discursive resources”

16. Write, pair, share Jot down three common social groups/settings from your life. ◦ What kind of power role do you construct for yourself there? ◦ How are your choices of roles constrained by  the ideology of that group/setting  the goals of that group/setting…  …and your history in that group/setting?

17. In Groups of 4 What are the main ideological values in the frat? In other words, what kinds of power do they value? (339) Each of the young men constructs his power in a different way. ◦ What kinds of power and weaknesses do Darter, Speed, Ram and Mack have? ◦ How does each one create identity based on their position in the fraternity? ◦ How does each guy construct a powerful identity through his words? (See Keisling’s transcriptions: 340-7)

18. Findings All four men construct their identities around what is valued in the fraternity All four men have different constraints (age, past, gender roles, etc.) The men adopt archetypal roles for themselves Men who construct the “preferred” gender identity are rewarded with power; women are not.

19. Recap Power is a part of all human actions There are many kinds of power Our behavior is constrained by our context: ideology, goals, and history Ideology—the set of ideas and values that structure our social relationships— determines what is powerful Pay attention to all 7 forms of power in your own fieldnotes

20. Preview Elizabeth Mertz, “Linguistic ideology in US Law School Classrooms” ◦ Terms to learn: metapragmatics, Socratic exchange, gaps, linguistic ideology ◦ How does the classroom environment in the text compare to your own experiences? ◦ What do the professors accomplish through this classroom structure? Susan U. Philips, “Participant Structures and Communicative Competence: Warm Springs Children in Community and Classroom” ◦ Terms to learn: communicative performance, communicative competence, participant structures ◦ What are the conditions in your own experience that encourage competent participation in a classroom? How do they compare to the conditions in the chapter?