1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Land Section 2: Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 Africa south of the Sahara is a region of dramatic landforms and tremendous natural resources. A study of its physical geography will explain some of the processes that have shaped and continue to shape the diverse landscapes, climates, and vegetation of Africa south of the Sahara.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Land Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Africa south of the Sahara was formed millions of years ago by various physical processes that continue to influence and shape the region today.

5. Chapter Intro 3 Section 2:Climate and Vegetation Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Location near the Equator, elevation, rainfall, and ocean air masses influence the region’s climates and natural vegetation.

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. Section 1-GTR The Land This section discusses the landforms, water systems, and natural resources of Africa south of the Sahara and the physical processes that have shaped them.

8. Section 1-GTR rift valley The Land desertification delta estuary region fault escarpment cataract network

9. Section 1-GTR A.Great Rift Valley The Land B.Lake Tanganyika C.Ruwenzori Mountains D.Drakensberg Range E.Lake Victoria F.Niger River G.Zambezi River H.Victoria Falls I.Congo River

10. A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Can you explain why writer David Quamman refers to Africa as “a million places”? A.Yes B.No C.Somewhat The Land

11. Section 1 Africa south of the Sahara is a region of step-like plateaus, rising to mountains and slashed in the east by a rift valley, which was formed by shifting tectonic plates. Landforms The Great Rift Valley: –Kilimanjaro –Lake Tanganyika –Lake Malawi The Great Rift Valley

12. Section 1 Mountains and plateaus: –This region is a series of plateaus that rise in elevation from the coast inland and from west to east. –Ethiopian Highlands –Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya –Ruwenzori Mountains –Drakensberg Range Landforms (cont.)

13. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which mountains are referred to as the “Mountains of the Moon”? A.Ruwenzori B.Drakensberg Range C.The Alps D.Mount Kenya

14. Section 1 Landforms and physical processes have influenced the region’s water systems, which include deep lakes, spectacular waterfalls, and great rivers. Water Systems Land of lakes: –Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi

15. Section 1 Water Systems (cont.) –Lake Victoria—world’s second-largest freshwater lake –Lake Chad—threatened with extinction

16. Section 1 Water Systems (cont.) A Human-made lake: –Lake Volta River basins: –Niger –Zambezi –Congo Water Systems in Africa South of the Sahara

17. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which of following is a benefit due to Lake Volta? A.Irrigation for farming B.Fish supply C.Hydroelectric power D.All of the above

18. Section 1 Mineral resources and water are among the region’s most abundant natural resources. Natural Resources The wealth of natural resources is not distributed evenly among the region’s countries.

19. Section 1 Natural Resources (cont.) Resources: –Mineral resources—copper, iron ore, manganese, zinc, uranium –Half the world’s gold lies in Africa. –Diamonds –Water –Solar power African vs. U.S. Crude Oil Reserves

20. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 How much of the world’s oil is located in Africa? A.4% B.10% C.25% D.40%

21. Section 1-End

22. Section 2-GTR Climate and Vegetation Location near the Equator, elevation, rainfall, and ocean air masses influence the region’s climates and natural vegetation.

23. Section 2-GTR leach Climate and Vegetation harmattan maximum savanna undergone recover

24. Section 2-GTR A.Serengeti Plain Climate and Vegetation B.Sahel C.Namib Desert D.Kalahari Desert

25. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E Section 2 Which of the following influences this region’s climate and natural vegetation? A.Location near the Equator B.Elevation C.Ocean air masses D.Rainfall E.All of the above Climate and Vegetation

26. Section 2 The region’s location in the Tropics near the Equator influences its climate and vegetation. Tropical Climates Tropical climates: –Tropical wet –Tropical dry—savanna; Serengeti Plain Africa South of the Sahara: Climate Regions

27. A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Is the harmattan located in the tropical wet or tropical dry climate? A.Wet B.Dry C.Both

28. Section 2 The dry climates of Africa south of the Sahara are located in the north and south. Dry Climates Dry climates: –Steppe—Sahel –Desert—Namib, Kalahari The Steppe as Transition Zone

29. Section 2 Dry Climates (cont.) Possible reasons for desertification: –Climate change –Human land use and animal activities

30. Section 2 Dry Climates (cont.) Midlatitude climates: –Marine west coast—Southern coastal areas –Humid subtropical—Southern coastal areas –Mediterranean—Cape Town –Highland—areas in East Africa

31. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which climate region is a transition zone between two other regions? A.Desert B.Tropical dry C.Steppe D.Highland

32. Section 2-End

33. VS 1 A.Niger River Main artery in western Africa; a major means of transportation for people in the area Splits into a large delta in southern Nigeria Flows through tropical and dry climate regions

34. VS 2 B.Eastern Highlands and Mountains Stretch from Ethiopia almost to the Cape of Good Hope Include Ethiopian Highlands as well as volcanic summits of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya Ruwenzori Mountains are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Drakensberg Range in South Africa

35. VS 3 C.Great Rift Valley Formed by the shifting of tectonic plates Stretches from Syria in Southwest Asia to Mozambique in the southeastern part of Africa Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, and Victoria located in or near Great Rift Valley

36. VS 4 D.Lake Volta Among the largest human-made lakes in the world Powers hydroelectric plant that generates electricity used throughout Ghana Important for crop irrigation

37. VS 5 E.Congo River Forms largest network of navigable waterways on the continent Reaches the sea through a deep estuary, which is easily navigated by oceangoing ships Flows through rain forests in tropical wet climate region

38. VS 6 F.Deserts Namib Desert located along coast in southern Africa; Kalahari Desert located in interior of southern Africa Hot weather with little rainfall Deserts support some plant, animal, and human life

39. VS 7 G.Escarpments Edges of African plateaus marked by steep, jagged slopes or cliffs Most escarpments located close to coast Rivers flowing across plateaus plunge down escarpments in waterfalls

40. VS 8 H.Diamonds and Gold Major diamond deposits found in South Africa, Botswana, and Congo River basin About half the world’s gold deposits in South Africa

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. Figure 3

45. Figure 4

46. Figure 5

47. DFS Trans 1

48. DFS Trans 2

49. Vocab1 rift valley a crack in the Earth’s surface created by shifting

50. Vocab2 fault a crack or break in the Earth’s crust

51. Vocab3 escarpment steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface

52. Vocab4 cataract a large waterfall

53. Vocab5 desertification process in which arable land is turned into desert

54. Vocab6 delta alluvial deposit at a river’s mouth that looks like the Greek letter delta ( Δ )

55. Vocab7 estuary an area where the tide meets a river current

56. Vocab8 leach to wash nutrients out of the soil

57. Vocab9 savanna a tropical grassland containing scattered trees

58. Vocab10 harmattan a dust-laden wind on the Atlantic coast of Africa in some seasons

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