1. Chapter 8 Study Guide North Africa

2. Key Terms In a region as dry as the Sahara desert, a(n) _____________ is often the only place to find water. oasis A person who wanders from place to place without a permanent home is a(n) __________. nomad The idea that religion and government should be separate is called __________. secularism

3. Key Terms The flat plain on the seabed where a river meets the sea and deposits its sediment is a(n) __________. delta As a result of __________, cities in North Africa are growing larger as more people move into them. Urbanization Gamal Abdel Nasser was an advocate of __________, or the idea that all Arabic- speaking peoples should form a single country. Pan-Arabism

4. Key Terms Ancient Egyptians invented a form of writing known as __________. hieroglyphics A body of a dead person that has been preserved to prevent it from decaying is a(n) __________. mummy The pharaohs, who were worshipped after their deaths, ruled over ancient Egypt through a government based on religion, or a __________. theocracy A country’s __________ is the total value of all goods and services it produces in a single year. Gross Domestic Product

5. True or False? Most North Africans live in rural areas like the desert. False More than half of North Africans live in cities. True Egypt is the only country in which most people live in cities. False An equal number of people live in cities and rural areas. False

6. True or False? About half of Egypt’s land is desert. False; over half is desert Egypt gets much more rainfall than the rest of North Africa. False Egypt has one of the lowest populations in North Africa. False; Cairo, Egypt is the largest city in North Africa Most people in Egypt live near the Nile River. True

7. True or False? Which of the following statements best describes the pharaohs? The pharaohs were the elected rulers of Egypt. False The pharaohs were the chief engineers of Egypt. False The pharaohs were kings who were also worshipped as gods. True The pharaohs led a politically divided civilization. False

8. Multiple Choice During the 1800s, which area of the region was largely colonized by France? Northwest Africa including Algeria and Morocco. France lost which of its North African colonies to a violent revolution? Algeria In the AD 600s, North Africa was conquered by Muslim Arabs In which nation are Copts an important minority? Egypt

9. Multiple Choice North Africa faces a great environmental problem caused by the erosion of fertile soil, a process known as desertification The average life expectancy of its people in one factor used to calculate a country’s human development index The largest Christian population in the Middle East are the Copts

10. Multiple Choice What change was brought about by the Suez Canal? Goods moved more quickly. What does a high human development index (HDI) say about a nation? It has a high standard of living. What feature of North Africa is large, triangle-shaped, and packed with cities and towns? the Nile River delta

11. Multiple Choice What geographic feature covers most of the region? The Sahara Desert What was the purpose of a mummy? to preserve dead bodies for the afterlife Which achievements came from ancient Egypt? pyramids and hieroglyphics Which culture was led by pharaohs? Ancient Egypt

12. Multiple Choice Which North African nations is most often considered to be part of the Middle East? Egypt Why does life in the Sahara cuter around oasis? People can find water at oases.

13.  A E D F G  H I J K L M Map B

14. How has the presence of the Nile River affected Egypt? (2 points) The Nile River brings water to a country that is mostly desert. The largest population in North Africa lives in Egypt near this water supply.

15. How are the people of North Africa trying to preserve their environment? (3 points) The people of North Africa are trying to preserve their environment by combating the process of desertification. They do this by planting trees and other plants at the edge of the desert to hold the soil in place and protect the land from erosion. They also set aside land and keep animals from grazing on it.

16. What are the pros and cons of the Aswan High Dam? (5 points) Pros: Building the dam allowed people to use water more efficiently, irrigate more land, and grow more crops. It also stopped dangerous flooding, and it produces electricity. Cons: Since the river no longer floods, farmers must use chemical fertilizers to keep their land productive. Fertilizers eventually wash back into the river and through it into the sea which pollutes water kills fish and hurts people who fish for a living. As water collected behind the dam, it formed a giant lake called Lake Nasser. This lake is now a habitat for malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Also, the creation of Lake Nasser forced 100,000 people out of their homes.

17. In what ways do religion and politics interact in modern North Africa? Give specific examples. (4 points) In nations with secular governments, there are strong Islamist movements that argue that government should be run according to Islamic law. In Egypt, groups like the Muslim Brotherhood have pushed for greater democracy. Although there is some terrorism present in Egypt, it is less severe than in other places in the region. In Algeria, there is a stronger Islamic extremist movement that often resorts to terrorism.