1. Read 10 Min

2. Beginning of Man in the Americas 0 Kennewick man discovered, two college students randomly found, turned out to be 9,000 years old 0 Crossed through Bering Strait or Beringia sometime between 25,000 and 14,000 years ago 0 Arrived at the end of the last ice age 0 LL Which do you think is more likely – the theory that people first came to the America s on foot or by boat? Explain your reasoning. 0 Recent discoveries suggest man remains have now been found as old as 12,500 – 30,000 which makes the land bridge theory impossible. 0 Many scientists believe man most likely arrived to the Americas by boat settling along the coasts.

3. Desert West Cultures 0 Hohokam, from desert west, built canals in desert to enable farming/Woven mat dams 0 Pithouse dwellings, shallow pit dug with roof/walls made of adobe 0 adobe – mixture of clay/straw to build homes 0 Anasazi, from desert west, lived next to and like Hohokam’s originally living in pithouses, then developed pueblos – several Stories high/many rooms like modern day apartment buildings, usually on cliff dwellings. Kiva – underground room used as meeting place for religious ceremonies 0 Main reason for Cliff dwelling pueblos? How did they reach their homes? TPS 0 How did cultures of the desert west, the Hohokam and Anasazi, adapt their architecture to their environment?

4. Anasazi cliff dwelling Hohokam Adobe hut

5. Mesa Verde Read 0 What do you believe were the two most important times/events in the history of Mesa Verde? Explain your reasoning in your LL

6. Mound Builders 0 Near Ohio/Mississippi river valleys, known for large earthen mounds 0 Hopewell used mounds as burial sites, included in burial was objects such as pottery/metal ornaments. Also obsidian from Rocky Mtns., Shells from the Gulf of Mexico 0 TPS What conclusions can we make about the Hopewells? TPS 0 Missippian Tribes, created first organized cities up to 20,000 people in Cahokia, built using engineering and mathematical skills. 0 Engineers learned how to use different types of soils in mounds to ensure proper drainage 0 Mounds used for social status. How do you think so? 0 Ruler lived atop largest mound in city center, other homes/mounds set in rows and surrounded city center

8. Partner Study – Poverty Point

9. Other Cultures of N. America 0 Inuit Artic regions, skilled hunters/fishers, used kayaks, igloos and hides for clothing, hunted seals and first to ice fish 0 Iroquois, Eastern N. America, farmed, lived in longhouses, made up of 5 different nations. Created Iroquois League – each chief in the league had one vote 0 Plains Indians, Great Plains, many different tribes, Combined like the Iroquois but did not Speak same language, developed sign lang. 0 Lived near rivers and mostly farmed, until horses introduced by Europeans, then followed buffalo