1. GUIDE 3RD GRADE RECOVERY EXAM PRESENT PERFECT You have seen that movie many times.AFIRMATIVE Have you seen that movie many times?INTERROGATIVE You have not seen that movie many times.NEGATIVE Complete List of Present Perfect Forms USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

2. PRESENT PERFECT: NOW WRITE 15 SENTENSES 5 AFFIRMATIVE, 5 NEGATIVE 5 INTERROGATIVE 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________

3. CONDITIONAL ZERO We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause')present simple If + present simple,.... present simple. This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause. The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning. For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts) If people eat too much, they get fat. If you touch a fire, you get burned. People die if they don't eat. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen. Snakes bite if they are scared If babies are hungry, they cry

4. The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simplein the other clausepresent simplefuture simple if + present simple,... will + infinitive It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true. If it rains, I won't go to the park. If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight. If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes. She'll be late if the train is delayed. She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. If I see her, I'll tell her. FIRST CONDITIONAL

5. SECOND CONDITIONAL The Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' situations. If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park. If I had millions dollars, I'd give a lot to charity. If there were no hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place. If everyone had clean water to drink, there would be a lot less disease. Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct'.) If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day. If they were to enter our market, we'd have big problems. Note the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice. If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more qualifications. The Second Conditional is also used to talk about 'unlikely' situations. If I was the President, I'd reduce taxes. If you were in my position, you'd understand. Note that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts. Compare these examples. Otto thinks these things are possible, Peter doesn't.

6. CONDITIONAL ZERO, FIRST & SECOND NOW WRITE 15 SENTENSES 5 ZERO, 5 FIRST 5 SECOND 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 1, ______________________________________________________________________ 2,______________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ 4.______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________

7. Passive Voice: Definition In the active voice, the subject of the sentence DOES the action: John painted the house last week. Subject / verb / object In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence RECEIVES the action. The house was painted last week. Subject / verb Notice that the object of the active sentence (house) became the subject of the passive sentence. Passive Voice: Use The passive voice is used when: We do not know who did the action Example: The documents were stolen. (we don’t know who stole the documents) The receiver of the action is more important Example: The pyramids were built nearly 5,000 years ago by the ancient Egyptians. (we want to emphasize “pyramids” more than “ancient Egyptians”) Passive Voice: Form To change an active voice sentence to a passive voice sentence: Make the object of the active sentence into the subject of the passive sentence. Use the verb “to be” in the same tense as the main verb of the active sentence. Use the past participle of the main verb of the active sentence. Here are some active and passive voice examples to help!

8. Active: People drink champagne on New Year’s Eve. Passive: Champagne is drunk on New Year’s Eve. Active: Chefs use these machines to mix the ingredients. Passive: These machines are used to mix the ingredients. Active: They renovated the restaurant in 2004. Passive: The restaurant was renovated in 2004. Active: The teachers informed the students that the class had been cancelled. Passive: The students were informed that the class had been cancelled. Passive Voice: Present In the present, the passive voice uses the verbs is and are + past participle of the main verb. The passive voice present is often used to describe: Processes First the apples are picked, then they are cleaned, and finally they’re packed and shipped to the market. General thoughts, opinions, and beliefs New York is considered the most diverse city in the U.S. It is believed that Amelia Earhart’s plane crashed in Pacific Ocean. Hungarian is seen as one of the world’s most difficult languages to learn. Skin cancers are thought to be caused by excessive exposure to the sun. Passive Voice: Past In the past, the passive voice uses the verbs was and were + past participle of the main verb. The passive voice past is often used to describe: Events in history George Washington was elected president in 1788. Crimes / Accidents Two people were killed in a drive-by shooting on Friday night. Ten children were injured when part of the school roof collapsed. …as well as in many other situations when the person who did the action is unknown or unimportant.

9. Question 1 Active: People speak Portuguese in Brazil. Passive: Portuguese ___________ in Brazil. A is speakB is spokeC is spoken Question 2 Active: The staff cleans all the hotel rooms daily. Passive: The hotel rooms _________ daily. A are cleanB are cleanedC is cleaned Question 3 Active: We update the company website frequently. Passive: The company website ___________ frequently. A are updatedB is updatedC was updated Question 4 Active: People see this beach as the most beautiful in the country. Passive: This beach __________ as the most beautiful in the country. A is seenB is sawC is see Question 5 Active: Somebody ships the products via express mail. Passive: The products ___________ via express mail. A are shippedB is shippedC were shipped

10. Question 6 Active: A friend gave me this sweater. Passive: This sweater ________ to me by a friend. A is givenB was gaveC was given Question 7 Active: A famous author wrote these letters. Passive: These letters _________ by a famous author. A were wroteB was writtenC were written Question 8 Active: The teachers chose her to receive the award. Passive: She __________ by the teachers to receive the award. A was chosenB was choseC were chosen Question 9 Active: A knock at the door woke us all up. Passive: We _____________ by a knock at the door. A was all woke upB were all woken upC were all waked up Question 10 Active: Over 300,000 students took the college entrance exam. Passive: The college entrance exam _________ by over 300,000 students. A was takenB was tookC was tooken