1. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com

2. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com FORM [had + past participle] Examples: Positive Form  You had studied English before you moved to New York. Interrogative Form  Had you studied English before you moved to New York? Negative Form  You had not studied English before you moved to New York. Past perfect tense is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.

3. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com USE 1 : Completed Action Before Something in the Past The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples:  She only understood the movie because she had read the book.  I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.  Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.  Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. When to Use Past Perfect Tense

4. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com USE 2 : Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples:  We had that car for ten years before it broke down.  By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.  They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. When to Use Past Perfect Tense

5. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com USE 3 : In Reported Speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts.., as in the following examples: Examples:  John said that he had never eaten sushi before.  She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.  She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.  He told me he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus. When to Use Past Perfect Tense

6. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com USE 4 : In if (conditional) sentences The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical situations, as in the following sentences: Examples:  If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)  If I had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)  I would have been very angry if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)  She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.) When to Use Past Perfect Tense

7. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com 1. I got home very late last night. Everyone (go) ____________ to bed 2. Before coming to Germany I (never, see) _________ snow. 3. My friend offered me a piece of pizza, but I (have, just) ________ lunch, so I wasn't hungry. 4. As soon as he (do) ___________ his homework, he went to bed. 5. Why (he, forget) _____________ about the meeting? 6. You (not, study) _________ for the test, so you were very nervous. 7. He (not, use) ___________ email before, so I showed him how to use it. Exercise : Past Perfect Tense

8. Past Perfect Tense © 2015 albert-learning.com 1. What is the correct past perfect form of "I do the laundry"? A. I had did the laundry. B. I have done the laundry. C. I did the laundry. D. I had done the laundry. 2. What is the correct past perfect form of "We visit Paris"? A. We'd visiting Paris. B. We'd visit Paris. C. We'd visited Paris. D. We've visited Paris. 3. What is the correct past perfect form of "It is hot"? A. It was hot. B. It had hot.C. It had be hot. D. It had been hot. 4. What is the correct past perfect form of "We can rent a car"? A. We 'd rent a car. B. We had been able to rent a car. C. We had rented a car.D. We could rent a car. 5. What is the correct past perfect form of "She makes some delicious cookies"? A. She made some delicious cookies. B. She has made some delicious cookies.. C. She had made some delicious cookies D. She had make some delicious cookies. Exercise : Past Perfect Tense