1. CONDITIONALS

2. Objectives
Identify past, present and future conditionals Identify real vs unreal conditionals Write correct conditional sentences

3. What is a condition?
A condition is something that needs to happen for something else to happen
What is the condition here?
You want to get high grades.
You need to study hard.

4. Finish these sentences
If I get an ‘A’ on this test, I ….
If I had a million dollars, I …..
If I had had a lot of money last year, I would have …
Which of these sentences are possible or real? Which are not likely or unreal?

5. Finish these sentences
If I get an ‘A’ on this test, I will be happy.
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
If I had had a lot of money last year, I would have traveled around the world.
Which of these sentences are about a condition in the present? Which are about a condition in the past?

6. What is a conditional sentence. If I eat too much, I get sick
What is a conditional sentence? If I eat too much, I get sick. A conditional sentence is a sentence structure commonly used in English to talk about something (a result) that may happen ONLY IF something else happens first (a condition).

7. The condition may be something real or unreal/hypothetical, and the result could be a definite result, or just a possible/likely result. We must be able to distinguish between what is a real, factual, possible statement and what is a unreal, dream, impossible, hypothetical statement.

8. “If I become president, I will end the war.”
Real vs. Unreal
If Hilary Clinton says…
(Hillary Clinton has a real possibility of being president of the United States, at least in her mind at the time of speaking.) Real
“If I become president, I will end the war.”

9. “If I became president, I would end the war.”
Real vs. Unreal
If a student in your class says…
(The student doesn’t see becoming president as a real possibility.) Unreal
“If I became president, I would end the war.”

10. Real vs. Unreal
The verb tense changes depending on whether the sentence is real or unreal.
For REAL conditions, simply use the normal tenses that are appropriate for whatever situation and time you are talking about. Just remember, we don’t use future tenses in the if clause.
For UNREAL conditions, (a) if we are talking about the present or future we show the ‘unrealness’ by using a past tense verb in the if clause and (b) if we are talking about the past we show the ‘unrealness’ by using the past perfect.

11. The most common type of conditional sentence uses if
The most common type of conditional sentence uses if. These are the easiest conditional sentences to form and understand. You could also use unless, when, after, before or as soon as. Here, we will focus on using conditional sentences with if.

12. we express a general truth or we give advice.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you don’t water flowers, they die.
If you have a headache, take painkillers.
If clause: PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause: PRESENT SIMPLE or IMPERATIVE
With zero conditional
we express a general truth or we give advice.

13. FIRST CONDITIONAL Present/Future Real Conditional
If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.
If clause: PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause: FUTURE SIMPLE
The first conditional refers to the present and future It expresses a possible condition and its probable result in the future.

14. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Present/Future Unreal Conditional
Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

15. If I knew his number, I would phone him.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Present/Future Unreal Conditional
Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.

16. SECOND CONDITIONAL If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
Present/Future Unreal Conditional
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.
if-clause: PAST TENSE SIMPLE
main clause: PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive
The second conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.
The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,
imaginary, or contrary to known facts.

17. THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL
FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL
If John runs fast, he will win the race.
This is still possible to happen.
If John ran fast, he would win the race.
This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.
THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL
Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is about probability, not time.
First conditional: real and possible situations
Second conditional: unlikely to happen

18. If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Past Unreal Conditional
Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn’t do that because he didn’t have any money.
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.

19. If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Past Unreal Conditional
Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn’t do that because she didn’t know his number.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.

20. THIRD CONDITIONAL The third conditional refers to the past and
Past Unreal Conditional
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
if-clause: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
main clause: PAST CONDITIONAL would + have + past participle
The third conditional refers to the past and
it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation
which is contrary to reality in the past.

21. THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONAL
SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL
If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.
But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen.
If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.
But I didn’t see an accident yesterday. This is contrary to the fact in the past.
THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONAL
The difference is about time.
Second conditional: refers to the present and future Third conditional: refers to the past situations

22. ALL CONDITIONALS 0. If you study hard, you get good grades.
General truth. General time reference.
1. If you study hard, you will get good grades.
This is possible.
2. If you studied hard, you would get good grades.
But you don’t, so this is unlikely to happen. (Hopefully, this is not true! )
3. If you had studied hard, you would have got good grades.
But you didn’t, so you got bad grades. 

23. Real & Unreal? If unreal, past or present?
If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn’t have been late. If I run out of milk, I will go to the shop. If I sang well, I would go on China Idol. If I win the lottery, I will buy a nice car. If I won the lottery, I would buy a nice car. If I hadn’t eaten street food, I wouldn’t feel sick right now. If you don’t eat, you die.
Past Unreal
Real
Present Unreal
Real
Present Unreal
Past Unreal
Real

24. Past, present or future?
If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn’t have been late. If I run out of milk, I will go to the shop. If I sang well, I would go on China Idol. If I win the lottery, I will buy a nice car. If I won the lottery, I would buy a nice car. If I hadn’t eaten street food, I wouldn’t feel sick right now If you don’t eat, you die.

25. Past, present or future?
If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn’t have been late. If I run out of milk, I will go to the shop. If I sang well, I would go on China Idol. If I win the lottery, I will buy a nice car. If I won the lottery, I would buy a nice car. If I hadn’t eaten street food, I wouldn’t feel sick right now If you don’t eat, you die.

26. Practice Sentence chains About 5 sentences for each conditional

27. Present/Future Real Conditional
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the beach. If we go to the beach, we will go swimming. If we go swimming, we will get hungry. If we get hungry, we will have a BBQ. If we have a BBQ, I will get bloated. If I get bloated, I won’t look good in my bikini. If I don’t look good in my bikini, I won’t want be at the beach.

28. Present/Future Unreal Conditional
If I was a millionaire, I would buy a Maserati. If bought a Maserati, all the girls would love me. If all the girls loved me, my friends would all be jealous. If my friends were all jealous, they would stop talking to me. If my friends stopped talking to me, I would be sad. If I was sad, being a millionaire wouldn’t really matter.

29. Past Unreal Conditionals
If I hadn’t won that karaoke competition last night, I wouldn’t have been awarded all that money. If I hadn’t been awarded all that money, I wouldn’t have bought so much alcohol. If I hadn’t bought that alcohol, I wouldn’t have got drunk. If I hadn’t got drunk, I would have made it to class on time. If I had made it to class on time, my teacher wouldn’t be mad at me right now. If had known all this yesterday, I wouldn’t have gone to karaoke last night.

30. Practice
Write down 6 questions to ask your partner with the structure “what would you do…”.
Questions can be as serious or silly as you like
Partners answer the questions
2 Real
2 Unreal present
2 Unreal past

31. THE END